1. / 271 Class 1, 20.09.2010 Atatürk University Medical Faculty Continuous Professional Development Zekeriya Aktürk, Prof. Dr. zekeriya.akturk@gmail.com http://aile.atauni.edu.tr

2. I've learned that in medicine nothing is "never" and it's certainly never "always." / 272 Stephen Sullivan. Knowledge and the Half-Life of Truth. http://www.medhunters.com/articles/knowledgeAndTheHalfLifeOfTruth.html

3. Example of outdated knowledge Infectious hepatitis – now hepatitis A Serum hepatitis – now hepatitis B Non A non B hepatitis – now hepatitis C Diabetes was checked formerly by urine ketones instead of blood glucose Alcohol bad for the liver but good for the heart? / 273

4. 50 years ago radical mastectomy and radiotherapy – Now lumpectomy HRT was used to protect the heart – now considered harmful Flu vaccine under age 5 was routinely recommended in the past Chest x-ray to scean for lung cancer … / 274

5. Aim – Objectives At the end of this lecture the participants are expected to have information about continuous professional development and its importance for medical doctors. Objectives –differentiate CME and CPD –define board recertification –discuss the half life of medical knowledge –explain the CPD cycle / 275

6. Definition Continuing Professional Development (CPD) or Continuing Professional Education (CPE) is the means by which members of professional associations maintain, improve and broaden their knowledge and skills and develop the personal qualities required in their professional lives. / 276

7. CPD for medical professionals CPD consists of any educational activity which helps to maintain, develop or increase knowledge, problem-solving, technical skills or professional performance standards all with the goal that physicians can provide better health care. CPD includes 'formal' activities, e.g. courses, conferences and workshops, as well as self- directed activities such as preceptorship and directed reading. / 277

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9. What is the half life of medical knowledge? any new information we may gather has a half-life of 5 years. Lifelong learning is important, but no more important than clinical judgement, common sense and a critical evaluation of new information. / 279 Emanuel E. "A half-life of 5 years" Can Med Assoc J 112:572, 1975 A. J. MACGREGOR. Half-life of medical knowledge. CMA JOURNAL/MAY 17, 1975/VOL. 112 1165

10. In 2000 285 of 474 conclusions (60%) were still considered to be true, 91 (19%) were considered to be obsolete, and 98 (21%) were considered to be false. / 2710 Poynard T, Munteanu M, Ratziu V, Benhamou Y, Di Martino V, Taieb J, Opolon P. Truth Survival in Clinical Research: An Evidence-Based Requiem? Annals of Internal Medicine 2002;136(12):888-895

11. One study: The half-life of truth was 45 years. the rate of loss of truth is 0.75% per year / 2711 Platell C, Hall JC. Half-life of truth in surgical literature Lancet 1997; 350:1752

12. CPD in European countries / 2712 Cathy Peck, Martha McCall, Belinda McLaren, Tai Rotem. Continuing medical education and continuing professional development: international comparisons. BMJ VOLUME 320 12 FEBRUARY 2000

13. The CPD Cycle / 2713

14. Sources of Professional Knowledge Textbooks Medical literature (journals) Short term courses Long term trainings (Masters, PhD…) Educational meetings (Conferences, panels..) Information from the media Exchange of experience with colleagues Reviving personal experience Collecting experience out of school Learning on own initiative 14/ 27

15. Measurement Scale for Planning / 2715

16. Measurement Scale for Action / 2716 International Federation of Accountants. International Accounting Education Standards Board. Approaches to Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Measurement 2008. http://web.ifac.org/media/publications/c/approaches-to-continuing-pr/approaches-to-continuing-pr.pdf

17. CPD Log / 2717

18. Barriers towards attending educational activities / 2718 http://www.aare.edu.au/07pap/sid07623.pdf

19. Board Exams The Turkish Association of Family Physicians has finished preparations for board exams. Announcements are done through their web page and applications being collected / 2719 http://www.tahud.org.tr/hakkimizda/yeterlilik-kurulu/tahud-board-sinavi/49

20. ABFM Founded in February 1969 Certification candidates must have satisfactorily completed three years of training in a Family Medicine residency program Currently certificates are valid for a seven- year period / 2720 https://www.theabfm.org/

21. Canada The Federation of Medical Regulatory Authorities of Canada has stated that all licensed physicians in Canada must participate in a recognized revalidation process in which they demonstrate their commitment to continued competent performance. The revalidation process came into effect January 1, 2010, and consists of mandatory compliance with continuing professional development (CPD) requirements. / 2721

22. CME credits: TAHUD The aim of Turkish Board of Family Physicians – CPD (TAH-SMG) credits system: –To support scientific improvements of family physicians by encouraging participation to high quality educational activities. / 2722 http://www.tahud.org.tr/hakkimizda/yeterlilik-kurulu/surekli-mesleki-gelisim/48

23. Turkish Union of Medical Doctors CME-CPD Credits Group 1 –Educational activities demanding full time participation: Conferences, symposia… –Courses: Aiming to improve professional level –Activities related with peer rewieved journals: Yearly subscription, completing tests, quizzes etc. –Educational activities with audiovisual materials: material sources have to be mentioned and evaluation at the end should be done. –Other activities: publications, book writing, presenting, teaching, master, PhD… / 2723 http://www.ttb.org.tr/index.php/ttb/kredilendirme

24. Group 2 –Activities of trainers not mentioned in Group 1 (journal clubs, audit mettings, mortality meetings..) –Distance learning activities –CME/CPD activities not mentioned in Group 1 / 2724

25. Benefits of CPD Build confidence and credibility Earn more Achieve your career goals Cope positively with change Be more productive and efficient / 2725

26. How CPD benefits the organisation Helps maximise staff potential by linking learning to actions and theory to practice. Helps set SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound) objectives Promotes staff development. Helps give a positive image/brand to organisations. … / 2726

27. Summary What is the difference between CME and CPD? What do you understand from professional board organizations and recertification? What is the approximate half life of medical knowledge? Can you explain the CPD cycle? / 2727