1. The European Union

2. “Faire L’Europe C’est Faire Le Paix” Jean Monnet  Jean Monnet  Robert Shuman

3. Europe United  The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), 1952  The European Community (EC) –Treaty of Rome (1957) –Single European Act (1986) – common market  European Union (EU) –Maastricht treaty (1992)-monetary union  Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe (2004)

4. Levels of Economic Integration  Free Trade Area (FTA): –North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)  Customs Union: –European Community before Single European Act –MERCOSUR  Common market: –European Community after Single European Act (1986) implemented  Economic and monetary union –European Union after Maastricht treaty (1992) implemented

5. European Union Enlargement  1973: Britain, Ireland, Denmark (9)  1980s: Greece, Portugal, Spain (12)  1994: Austria, Finland, and Sweden (15)  2004: 8 CEE countries, Malta, and Cyprus (25) –Bulgaria, Romania – bid for 2007 membership –Turkey, Croatia – started membership negotiations

6. European Institutions (Supranational Institutions)  European Council –Heads of States  Council of Ministers –Government officials/Ministers  European Parliament –Directly elected country representatives  European Commission –25 commissioners, civil servants –Directorates Generals: Environment, Trade, Justice, External Relations, etc.  European Court of Justice  European Central Bank

7. EU Legislation Case Study  Directive 2001/80/EC limiting emissions of certain air pollutants large combustion plants (SO2, NOx, dust)  European Commission –1997 Acidification Strategy –Proposes directive to tighten emissions for power plants  Council of Ministers and European Parliament adopt directive in 2001  European Commission monitors

8. ECJ: Cassis de Dijon  Germany bans import of Cassis de Dijon liqueur  German import company Rowe-Zentral AG takes case to the ECJ  Precedent for the “mutual recognition” principle

9. European Budget  Total (2005): 106bn Euros  Agriculture (46%): –“with the amount of EU agricultural subsidies you can fly every EU cow across the Atlantic first class”  Regional and Structural Funds (30%) Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/europe/0 4/money/html/other.stm