1. Cell Structure and Function

2. Why are cells small?

3. Viruses

5. Virus Morphologies

6. viral capsids

8. Cellular Organisms Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

9. Life on Earth

10. Cell All cellular organisms have a Protoplast: the cytoplasm and its surrounding plasma membrane Some organisms have a Cell Wall (polysaccharide) plants fungi some protists most bacteria Bacteria often have a Capsule Which is a gooey outside covering for protection (polysaccharide)

11. Prokaryotes Bacteria and Archaea

13. The cytoplasm is an active environment protein ribosome tRNA

14. Few bacteria have internal membrane systems. This bacterial species does.

15. Three major morphologies rods cocci spirochaetes

16. Prokaryotes are usually much smaller than Eukaryotes

17. Life on Earth

18. Eukaryotic Cell

19. Paramecium

20. The Nucleus

21. Eukaryotes

22. Nucleus

23. Activities of the Nucleus Replication of DNA Gene Expression: Synthesis of RNA Ribosome subunit assembly (in nucleolus, where rRNA genes are expressed)

24. Nucleus

25. Activities of the Nucleus Replication of DNA Gene Expression: Synthesis of RNA Ribosome subunit assembly (in nucleolus, where rRNA genes are expressed)

26. Nucleolus and rRNA genes

28. Invagination Hypothesis

29. 1. The original eukaryotic cells probably had no cell wall

31. 2. RNA splicing in eukaryotic genes Exon 1Exon 2Exon 3 Intron 1Intron 2Intron 3Intron 4 Intron 1 Intron 2 Intron 3 Intron 4

32. Bacteria transcribe and translate simultaneously …no time for RNA splicing

35. DNA Packaging - Chromosomes

36. Human Karyotype

37. Chromosome Structure

38. Chromosomes

39. Centrioles in Centrosome also build the Spindles

40. Flagella and cilia

41. Structure of Flagella & Cilia

42. How Flagella and cilia move

43. Cytoskeleton

47. Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis

49. Membrane Systems: synthesis, degradation and transport Nucleus RER SER Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

50. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum nuclear envelope nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum protein synthesis ribosome

51. Smooth ER lipid synthesis Rough ER protein synthesis Nucleus, RER, SER membranes are continuous ribosome nucleus

52. Golgi Apparatus synthesis of molecules for export and degradation cis face “receiving” trans face “shipping” new vesicle forming transport vesicles carrying cargo molecules transport vesicle

53. DEGRADATION EXPORT

54. Digestion: Eating and Recycling

56. Energy Transformation

57. sugar ATP sunlight sugar “savings bond” “cash”

58. Mitochondria and Chloroplast Comparison: Similar to Bacteria

59. Mitochondrion

60. Chloroplasts

61. Endosymbiont Hypothesis

65. Invagination Hypothesis

66. Vacuoles

67. Vacuole

69. Plant Vacuoles plasmolysis

70. Practice