1. WOMEN, GENDER, AND EMPOWERMENT LATI 50 Introduction to Latin America

2. ABOUT THE MIDTERM Coverage: Weeks 1-5 Grade share: 33% (without optional paper) Format: closed-book exam (no electronic devices) Date: Thursday, February 17 (in class) Duration: 80 minutes (3:30-4:50 pm) Bring blue books and writing materials

3. STEREOTYPES Powerless in a macho world Passivity, docility Focus on family, children Lack of interest in politics and public sphere Marianismo (a controversial concept)

4. WOMEN’S INTERESTS Feminine or feminist? Practical interests = position within gendered division of labor Strategic interests = alternative social codes deriving from broad analysis of women’s subordination Difference from U.S. interests in economic equality (e.g., glass ceiling) and sexual liberation; emphasis on distinctiveness of womanhood

5. WOMEN AND AUTHORITARIANISM Compliance: courtship by dictators Opposition: merger of practical and strategic interests Articulation of demands: – Mothers (and Grandmothers) of Plaza de Mayo in Argentina – Arpilleras in Chile – “militant motherhood” in Brazil – Pro-democratic, left-of-center orientation

6. WOMEN AND DEMOCRACY Disintegration of solidarity Quotas in legislatures (~ 30 percent) Female presidents: prominent widows – Isabel Martínez de Perón (Argentina) – Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (Nicaragua) – Mireya Moscoso (Panama) Female presidents: successful politicians – Michelle Bachelet (Chile) – Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Argentina) – Laura Chinchilla (Costa Rica) – Dilma Rousseff (Brazil)

7. Comparisons with the United States?