3. Communication 114 Communication and Learning

4. Instructed by Professor Robert “Bob” Powell Ph.D.

5. Text

6. Chapter Four Gender and Classroom Communication

7. Sex and Gender Sex - Biological designation Gender - Social psychological

8. Females Self-esteem - Highest in ages 8-9 - Decreases until leave from H.S. - Biggest Drop occurs between Elementary and Middle School

9. Females Cont. Eating Disorders - Occur due to self-esteem issues - obsessed with looks (want to be thin) - Usually develop in Middle School

10. Females Cont. Interaction - “Girl Talk” - construction of normative behaviors - more accepting of stereotypes - Girly-girls and Tom Boys

11. Females Cont. Society - Society place strict values on girls - Physically attractive - Feminine - Passive

12. Males Behavior - Account for a majority of behavior problems - Less developed -Large portion of Special Ed

13. Males Cont. Emotions - “Boy Code” - Hide Emotions - Direct emotions inward - “Act like a Man”

14. Males Cont. Separation from caregiver - Premature Separation - Crying - “A big boy”,“Be tough” - Learn to compensate

15. Sex and Learning Style Males - Academic success = own efforts - Academic failure = external factors Females - Academic success = luck - Academic failure = internal factors

16. Sex and Intellectual Ability Males - Score higher in problem solving - Score higher in physical sciences Females - SAT scores do not reflect ability - Superior in speech production

17. Minimizing Differences Remove Sexist Language in the classroom Removal of reliance on peer groups Teachers need to adapt to the needs of both boys and girls in the classroom

18. Links to Helpful Sites Eating Disorders Adolescent Behavior and Education