1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 1
Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

2. The Scientific Method: A powerful way of “knowing”.
Starts with a question or problem, based on observations of the natural world.
Propose a hypothesis, a possible answer that presents a reasonable explanation or solution.
Make a prediction that tests the hypothesis.
Design an experiment to see if the prediction is correct.
Example:
Problem: The computer cannot connect to the internet.
Hypothesis: The cable is faulty.
Prediction: If I use the cable from my roommate’s laptop, which is working, I should be able to connect.
Experiment: Connect the known good cable and try to connect.
(Using a cable that is known to be good and changing just that one thing while keeping the rest the same provides a “control”)

3. The Hierarchy of Structural Organization

4. Homeostasis

5. Homeostasis is controlled by feedback loops Example of negative feed back: blood glucose regulation

6. A positive feed back mechanism: blood clotting and wound healing

7. Language of Anatomy: Terms of Orientation & Direction

8. Body planes

9. Body Cavities

10. Serous membranes
The pericardium

11. The Four Abdominopelvic Quadrants

12. The Nine Abdominopelvic Regions

13. The 11 organ systems - Some structural associations
Integumentary - skin
Skeletal - bones, cartilage, joints
Muscular - skeletal cardiac and smooth
Nervous - central & peripheral, voluntary & involuntary
Endocrine - glands & hormones
Cardiovascular - blood, blood vessels & the heart
Lymphatic & Immune - lymph vessels, organs, tissues & cells
Respiratory - nasal structures, larynx, airways & lungs
Digestive - alimentary canal & accessory organs
Urinary - kidneys, ureters & urethra
Reproductive - gonads, accessory organs (primary and secondary
structures)

14. The 11 organ systems - Some general functions
Integumentary - protection, water regulation, endocrine
Skeletal - protection, support, movement
Muscular - movement, transportation, heat
Nervous - communication & control, rapid to intermediate
Endocrine - communication & control, short to long term
Cardiovascular - transportation, thermal regulation, defenses, water
Lymphatic & Immune - water balance, absorption, immunity
Respiratory - gas exchange
Digestive - absorption, energy storage & production, filtration
Urinary - water & pH balance, blood pressure, toxin removal
Reproductive -makin’ babies!

15. Some main points: Scientific method
Hypothesis
Theory
law
Complementarity of structure and function
Hierarchy of structural organization
Atoms
Molecules
Compounds
Biochemicals
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems (we organize them into distinct 11 systems)
Organisms
Populations
Homeostasis - the balancing act of living systems
Negative feedback
Positive feedback

16. Fin