1. Organic Chemistry 246 Robin Polt polt@u.arizona.edu 621-6322

2. PlanetVenusEarthMars Orbit (Km) 108,200,00 0 149,600,00 0 227,940,00 0 Mass (Kg) 4.9 x 10 24 6.0 x 10 24 6.4 x 10 23 Diam. (Km) 12,10312,7566,749

3. PlanetVenusEarthMars Orbit (Km) 108,200,00 0 149,600,00 0 227,940,00 0 Mass (Kg) 4.9 x 10 24 6.0 x 10 24 6.4 x 10 23 Diam. (Km) 12,10312,7566,749 CO 2 N2N2N2N2 Ar O2O2O2O2 Pressure

4. PlanetVenusEarthMars Orbit (Km) 108,200,00 0 149,600,00 0 227,940,00 0 Mass (Kg) 4.9 x 10 24 6.0 x 10 24 6.4 x 10 23 Diam. (Km) 12,10312,7566,749 CO 2 0.1% N2N2N2N277% Ar1% O2O2O2O221% Pressure 760 mmHg

5. PlanetVenusEarthMars Orbit (Km) 108,200,00 0 149,600,00 0 227,940,00 0 Mass (Kg) 4.9 x 10 24 6.0 x 10 24 6.4 x 10 23 Diam. (Km) 12,10312,7566,749 CO 2 96%0.1% N2N2N2N2 > 3% 77% Ar < 1% 1% O2O2O2O2 << 1% 21% Pressure 69,920 mmHg 760 mmHg

6. PlanetVenusEarthMars Orbit (Km) 108,200,00 0 149,600,00 0 227,940,00 0 Mass (Kg) 4.9 x 10 24 6.0 x 10 24 6.4 x 10 23 Diam. (Km) 12,10312,7566,749 CO 2 96%0.1%95.3% N2N2N2N2 > 3% 77%2.7% Ar < 1% 1%1.6% O2O2O2O2 << 1% 21%0.15% Pressure 69,920 mmHg 760 mmHg 5.32 mmHg

7. Carbon Cycle 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 2 2 HO 2 + hv  Plants Animals O2O2O2O2 O2O2O2O2

8. Oxidation of Carbon (Inorganic) CO 3 = CO 2 CO C [0] [+ 2] [+ 4] Carbon Carbonyl Carbonate Most Oxidized Most Reduced —Not Useful for Organic Chemistry —We Need More Subtle Distinctions

9. Oxidation of Carbon (Organic) Most Oxidized Most Reduced —Hint for Determining Oxidation State —Count the Hydrogens on Carbon

10. Oxidation of Carbon (Organic) Most Oxidized Most Reduced