1. Making a Diagnosis At a Distance By the Telecommunications Links Dr Alexander Chang Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology The Chinese University of Hong Kong

2. What Is Telepathology? 遠程病理學 The practice of pathology at a distance Viewing images on a video monitor Using the telecommunication links For diagnosis, consultation or education 在一定距離間進行的病理學實踐﹐它應用遠程 通訊技術﹐在錄像屏幕上觀察有關圖像﹐用于病 理學診斷﹑會診﹑教學和研究﹐以及遠程會議﹑繼 續教育 。

4. What Is Telepathology? 遠程病理學

5. Equipment Requirements in Telepathology 遠程病理學診斷的基本設備 A light microscope A high-resolution camera A workstation for the pathologist Access to a communications network 光學顯微鏡 高分辨率的攝像機或數碼相機 計算機工作站和遠程通訊網絡

6. Functions of Telepathology 遠程病理學的圖像傳送方式 Static or still image system Dynamic or live image system 靜態或非同步的圖像傳送系統 動態或同步的圖像傳送系統

7. Static or still image system 靜態或非同步的圖像傳送系統

9. Advantages: – would wide access 全球範圍適用 – simple and easy handling 簡單﹑容易操作 – low-cost information transfer 費用低 Disadvantage: – missing interactive discussion 不能進行相互間討論 – potential sampling problems 診斷性視野選取的問題 – missing control of quality of the received image 不能控制接收圖像的質量

10. Dynamic or live image system 動態或同步的圖像傳送系統

12. Advantages: – remote microscope control at a distance – higher diagnostic accuracy Disadvantage: – high price of the system 據報導，動態圖像遠程診斷的準確性要高于靜 態圖像，但此系統要求遠距離遙控的顯微鏡和 寬帶的遠程通訊網絡﹐其設備和通訊費用昂貴.

13. Telepatholgy Diagnostic Accuracy 遠程病理學診斷的準確性 The image quality The computer hardware used capacity Bandwidth of the telecommunications link The observer specific experience and skills in video monitor. 圖像的質量 計算機的硬件性能 遠程通訊網絡的傳送速度 病理醫生在屏幕診斷的經驗和技巧

14. Our Project On Telepathology To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy To establish a telepathology system between Hongkong,Beijing, Shanghai and the other cities in China To facilitate consultation To provide direct diagnostic services from experts to distant clients and teaching

15. Thank You Very Much!