1. Neurotransmitters and their Detection Introduction Design Testing Application Conclusion

2. Electrochemical Measurements Introduction Design Testing Application Conclusion

3. Electrode Solution Bulk solution Adsorption/DesorptionChemical reaction Electron transferMass transfer ne − O ’ ads R ’ ads O’O’ O surf O bulk R bulk O’O’ O surf CURRENT Overall Electrochemical Reaction Introduction Design Testing Application Conclusion

4. Conceptual VLSI Design Introduction Design Testing Application Conclusion Why VLSI ? Multichannel Low power Integration with microfabricated sensors Implantable ‘Black box’ design - I IN 1 Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC) Register I IN 2 Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC) Register …. V REDOX Multiplexed digital bitstream

5. ADC:First order Delta-Sigma Modulator Introduction Design Testing Application Conclusion Why ΔΣ convertor ? Low frequency of I IN Bandwidth Resolution tradeoff High oversampling ratio (OSR) Noise shaping by OSR + _ ∫ D A D Q CLK I IN I REF DifferenceIntegratorComparator Latch 1 bit DAC Bitstream {+1, −1} A problem: the average output level at the 1 bit DAC must be of the same order as the input signal level. Thus a fixed I REF cannot handle widerange I IN

6. Novel ΔΣ Modulator with time modulated feedback Introduction Design Testing Application Conclusion

7. Clock Generation Introduction Design Testing Application Conclusion

8. System Block Diagram Introduction Design Testing Application Conclusion

9. VLSI Chip Micrograph Introduction Design Testing Application Conclusion