2. Expressive culture: learned and patterned ways of creative activities that include art, leisure and play.

3. One definition of art: A kind of play that is subject to certain culturally appropriate restrictions on form and content.

4. The way art is defined affects: (1) the manner in which a person classifieds values and treats artistic creations And (2) the manner in which a person classify and treats those who create art, the artist

5. Another definition of art: Art is the application of imagination, skill, and style to matter, movement and sound that goes beyond the purely practical

6. Art could be: Food Story telling Object creation performance

7. Art can be classified by period or medium Classical Postmodern modern Graphic or plastic Performance verbal

8. Western distinctions of art “Fine art”(art for art’s sake)--rare, expensive, formally trained artist, non utilitarian, produced for a market “folk art”--non trained artist, anonymous, utilitarian, not produced for market

9. Aesthetic: agreed upon notions of quality

10. Ethno-aesthetics An approach that looks at local notions of art quality or variations in aesthetic criteria

11. Yoruba of Nigeria 19th century Yoruba (Idebu) carving Standards in terms of Form and content

12. The study of art is more than the study of the products of arts Who makes art and why? They look at the role of society in the process of making art Because artistic expressions grow out particular economic, political and social contexts

13. Reinforce social patters Resistance Example; Nicaraguan Mural

14. The functions of art: Social control and resistance Entertainment and education

15. Social Control and Resistance To legitimise political leaders, At the same time a performance may be a site for resistance and political contestation: El Gueguense

16. Entertainment To participate To have a good time

17. Education It provides a sense of identity for members of a community It identifies group boundaries, It teaches people the value of their traditions, And the importance of ceremonies, etc Example: indigenous expressive culture: songs and dance.

18. Anthropologists focus on the artist on ethnicity gender and power on performance arts

19. Performance arts Dance, music and theatre Ethnomusicology--Steven Feld 1982: “Sound and Sentiment: Birds, Weeping, Poetics and Song in Kaluli Expression” The anthropology of Performance -sites for cultural negotiations

20. The anthropology of Museums Role of museums in exhibiting culture Representation Who has the right to represent? Interests groups9indiginous groups) New ethical guides(professional academic disciplines)

21. Discussion Question To understand art in a particular society or culture we need to look beyond art itself. Explain. Give an example to illustrate your answer.