1. Authors: Z. Hu, R. Kovacevic, M. Labudovic RICH DEWEY Sept. 21, 2009

2. Introduction: Function of Paper To discuss the buckling instability that can happen when laser bending sheet metal. Present data from a series of experiments and compare them to data from 3-D FEM(finite element modeling) simulation.

3. Introduction: Why Important? Laser bending of sheet metal is becoming very proper in precision manufacturing. Over 25 different variables have been identified that impact the end result, making computer simulation very difficult. Author selects a very specific method of laser bending and is able to produce similar results with his simulation.

4. Introduction: References (1)

5. Introduction: References (2)

6. Background

7. Background: CNC Laser Cuttters/Benders

8. Selected Method: Buckling

9. Models and Design Application Technical Application to Course

10. Models and Design Application Governing equations/parameters used to set up the FEM simulation:

13. Models and Design Application FEM Model

14. Results: Experimental Equipment

15. Results: Data Tables

16. FEM model results vs experimental results

17. Results: Data Tables Example of wide range of experimental results

18. Conclusions: “A 3-D FEM simulation system has been developed that includes a nonlinear transient indirect coupled thermal-structural analysis accounting for geometric and material nonlinearities. The buckling deformation, the bending angle, the distribution of stress-strain, the temperature, and residual stress can all be obtained by computer simulation.”

19. Conclusions: Practical Industrial use? Model not flexible enough to be used in a variety of situations Technical advancement? Helpful, step in the right direction Industries most impacted? Any high presicion sheet metal forming or bending, most electronics manufacturers.

20. Article Quality: Keep it