1. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 1 The AMO Instrument & Science Drivers John Bozek, LCLS Scientific Program Sample source SpectrometersDiagnosticsLaserLayoutFuture

2. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 2 Scientific Goals of the AMO instrumentation Investigate multiphoton and high-field x-ray processes in atoms, molecules and clusters Multi-photon ionization/excitation in atoms/molecules/clusters Accessible intensity on verge of high-field regime Study time-resolved phenomena in atoms, molecules and clusters using ultrafast x-rays Inner-shell side band experiments Photoionization of aligned molecules Temporal evolution of state-prepared systems

3. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 3 Proposal Workshop Held June 2 &3 Over 60 attendees Presented team’s scientific program and technical details of instrument Research interests included: Aligned molecules – Ryan Coffee, PULSE LCLS as a laser pump – Nina Rohringer, LLNL Highly charged ions – Peter Beierdorfer, LLNL Fundamental damage at high intensity – Linda Young, ANL Imaging/x-ray emission – Daniel Rolles, CFEL Single shot timing measurements – Hamed Merdji, CEA Magneto-Optical trapped ColTRIMS – Ali Belkacem, LBNL AMO experiments for biomolecular imaging – Janos Hadju, SLAC & Uppsala Time-resolved energy dispersive diffraction – Valerio Rossi-Albertini, ISM-CNR

4. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 4 Proposal Workshop Interest in using the AMO chamber as a vehicle for additional experimental capabilities Recommended increasing flange sizes on vacuum chamber Concern about gas density in interaction region with distance from jet to interaction region From Neumark who’s used to using pulsed jet with cw- synchrotron source

5. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 5 AMO Instrument – Experimental Facilities Optics High Field Physics Chamber Gas jet Electron TOFs Ion spectrometers X-ray spectrometers Chamber, shielding, pumping, shutter, etc Diagnostics Chamber Magnetic bottle electron spectrometer Beam screens Pulse energy monitor Pulse picker

6. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 6 AMO Instrumentation - Schematic

7. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 7 AMO Instrument Design – focusing optics Peak intensity depends on size of beam focus – accessible physics depends on intensity FocusW/cm 2 1mm7×10 12 100μm7×10 14 10 μm7×10 16 1 μm7×10 18 100nm7×10 20 Interaction region ~140m from source Source @ 825 eV - 116  m Divergence @ 825eV - 5.7  rad Unfocussed beam diameter ~1.1mm Focusing optics ~1m from interaction region

8. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 8 Focusing Optics – Elliptical Bender Side shaping required to achieve best shape Images courtesy of Alexis Smith & YiDe Chuang, LBNL

9. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 9 Focusing Optics – Elliptical Bender Optics can be reshaped for 2 nd focus 1m downstream with slight increase in slope error Images courtesy of YiDe Chuang, LBNL

10. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 10 Focusing Optics – Surface Coatings Regina Soufli @ LLNL has been working on methodology to achieve smooth B4C coatings – slower deposition Increased surface stress, however, which may result in delamination Image courtesy of Regina Soufli, LLNL

11. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 11 Focusing Optics – Mechanical Design

12. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 12 Experimental station - Gas jet Pulsed valve – type described by Proch & Trickl, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 713 (1989) Piezo disk translator Valve plunger Gas supply Electrical feed through O ring

13. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 13 Experimental station – Pulsed Gas Jet Gas jet chamber X ray beam Turbo pump Skimmer Interaction region

14. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 14 Experimental station - Gas jet Intermediate chambers Turbo pumps Gas jet chamber X ray beam Interaction region Multiple skimmers configuration

15. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 15 High Field Physics – Ion Spectrometers Three different types of Ion Spectrometer Time-of-flight spectrometer – using integrating metallic anode Wiley & McLaren, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 26, 1150 (1955). Velocity map imaging spectrometer – using a phosphor screen to image impact location of ions Eppink & Parker, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 68, 3477 (1997). Momentum resolving spectrometer – using a delay line anode to measure position and time of ion impact Dörner et al., Phys. Rep. 330, 95 (2000).

16. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 16 High Field Physics – Ion Spectrometers Ion spectrometers are interchangeable via common sized flange Similar schemes for mounting lenses/meshes & flight tube Only integrating ion spectrometer will be used in first year

17. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 17 High Field Physics – eTOF Based on a successful design used by D. Lindle’s group at ALS – designed for up to 5keV electrons Relatively flat transmission above 20eV KE Figures from O. Hemmers et al., Rev. Sci. Instr., 69, 3809 (1998)

18. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 18 Experimentation station - ETOF Turbo pump Electrical lens Magnetic shielding Actuators

19. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 19 High Field Physics – eTOF Five electron spectrometers arrayed around interaction region

20. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 20 Experimental station – Chamber X-Section Ion TOF eTOF Gas jet port Interaction region

21. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 21 High Field Physics – X-ray spectrometers Two of the electron spectrometers can be removed & replaced with x-ray emission spectrometers Spectrometers require high efficiency for diffuse gaseous targets Single shot capable detectors – either CCD’s/CMOS detectors directly or MCP amplified phosphor screen imaged with camera external to vacuum Two spectrometers – a grating spectrometer for 2 keV Design not yet complete

22. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 22 AMO Instrument - Diagnostics Diagnostics in a separate chamber with: Magnetic bottle spectrometer Measures photon wavelength and bandwidth Can also be used to measure temporal overlap of FEL & laser beam Total pulse energy monitor Measures pulse energy on each pulse Two beam screens Measures position & size of beam Either geometric or coherent interference based

23. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 23 Diagnostics – Magnetic Bottle Magnetic field directs electrons to detector increasing collection efficiency As first described by Kruit & Read, J. Phys. E, 16, 313 (1983)

24. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 24 Diagnostics – Magnetic Bottle Single shot electron energy spectrum – measure photon energy and bandwidth Design courtesy of Chris Roedig (Lou DiMauro’s group at OSU).

25. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 25 Diagnostics – Beam Viewing Screens Two screens separated by ~ 1m to measure beam trajectory & divergence 1 st screen partially transparent – 500  m of YAG on SiN membrane imaged with CCD (120Hz) Second screen can extinguish beam using a thick YAG crystal

26. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 26 Total Energy (Thermal) Sensor provides calibrated measurement of FEL pulse energy Thermistors Nd 0.66 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 (On back of substrate) FEL pulse Cu heat sink 0.5 mm Si substrate Measures FEL energy deposition through temperature rise t = 0 t = 0.1 ms t = 0.25 ms Thermal diffusion of FEL energy Sensor Temperature Rise [K] VG from R. Bionta

27. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 27 Diagnostics chamber – downstream Beam viewing screen Magnetic bottle magnet XYZ stage Differential pumping Magnetic bottle Power monitor Beam profile monitor

28. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 28 NEH Laser Experiment Chambers Optical Transport Harmonics Pulse Compressor (Single Grating) Optical Transport Pulse Cleaner Regenerative Amplifier 1kHz, <5 mJ 30W Nd:YLF Pump Laser @ 527nm 1.2 kHz 30 fs Mode Locked Ti:sapp @ 800 nm 5 W Nd:YVO 4 Pulse Stretcher 30 fs Bandwidth Laser Hall Hutch 2 DIAGNOSTIC SUITE -Spectrometer -Autocorrelator -Frog -Beam Analyzer -Power Meters -Oscilloscopes

29. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 29 NEH Laser System and Optical Transport Hutch 1Hutch 2Hutch 3 Laser Hall 29

30. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 30 Introducing Laser into AMO Chamber Laser introduced on-axis using mirror with hole All focusing/steering outside vacuum Laser beam diam. ~20-60 um at interaction region Additional off-axis ports available to bring in laser at sharp angle, better defining interaction region Similar arrangement on diagnostic chamber

31. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 31 Controls & Data Acquisition EPICS will be used to control instrumentation All motions, voltages, etc. under remote control Test-stands already being built

32. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 32 Controls & Data Acquisition Acqiris DC282 high-speed 10-bit cPCI Digitizer 4 channels 2-8 GS/s sampling rate Acquisition memory from 1024 kpoints to 1024 Mpoints (optional)‏ Low dead time (350 ns) sequential recording with time stamps 6U PXI/CompactPCI standard, 64 bit, 66 MHz PCI bus Sustained transfer rate up to 400MB/s to host SBC

33. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 33 Layout of AMO experiment Design currently being finallized…completion in June

34. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 34

35. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 35

36. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 36 What’s there July 2009? Focusing Optics High Field Physics Chamber Pulsed gas jet Ion TOF (Wiley McLaren type) Electron TOFs Diagnostics Effusive gas jet Magnetic bottle TOF Beam screens Synchronized Laser

37. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 37 And what’s commissioned later ? Pulse picker (12/09) High Field Physics Chamber Velocity map imaging ion spectrometer (10/09) Momentum resolving ion spectrometer (reaction microscope/ColTRIMS) (2/10) X-ray spectrometers (1/10) Diagnostics Pulse energy monitor (11/09)

38. John Bozek AMO Proposal WorkshopJDBozek@SLAC.Stanford.edu June 2-3, 2008 38 The Path Forward Preliminary Design Review Completed Finish detailing high field physics chamber, diagnostics Finalize Design & Review – July 08 Procurement phase – Aug-Dec 08 Assembly & Testing – Jan-Jun 09 Ready for first light – July 09 Lots of help from engineering, controls, etc.