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Managing and distributing marine biodiversity data to meet the needs of marine conservation Steve Wilkinson, Jon Davies & David Connor Joint Nature Conservation Committee
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Key drivers (for marine biodiversity data) EC Habitats Directive Assessing Favourable conservation status EC Water Framework Directive Assessing Ecological status OSPAR Annex V Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQOs) Priority habitats and species EC Göteborg Target biodiversity decline should be halted… by 2010
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MESH: Interreg NWE sea areas OSPAR area
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Marine management questions What is the distribution of seagrass beds around the UK? Has the state of marine biodiversity changed in the Irish Sea over the past 50 years? How will biodiversity change over the next 10 years? What are the main pressures driving biodiversity change? Where and how should we be concentrating our management effort?
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The problem The British Isles are rich in biodiversity records BUT: Owned by a large number of providers with a range of technical skills Some sources are managed others are not Wide range of formats (written and electronic) Need to rapidly pull these together to assist with analyses
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National Biodiversity Network Set out with the goal of making biodiversity data readily available Over the last ten years has developed guidance, standards and tools to help with this goal In particular has developed a data portal – the NBN Gateway – to facilitate data exchange http://www.searchNBN.net
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NBN Gateway Centralised data cache Very simple format for data supply
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NBN Gateway Centralised data cache Very simple format for data supply
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What is a schema? Mytilus edulis 26-08-1980 NL100245
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Pros and cons of schemas Pros: There are a lot of tools around to validate and use data provided as a schema BUT: For less technical users creating, understanding and using them is more difficult It gets very bulky
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NBN Gateway Centralised data cache Very simple format for data supply Multi-user: research / conservation / general interest Some reporting to encourage data provision and assist with identifying relevant data sources
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NBN Gateway Centralised data cache Very simple format for data supply Multi-user: research / conservation / general interest Some reporting to encourage data provision and assist with identifying relevant data sources
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NBN Gateway Centralised data cache Very simple format for data supply Multi-user : research / conservation / general interest Some reporting to encourage data provision and assist with identifying relevant data sources Clear acknowledgement of data sources Controlled data access
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NBN Gateway Centralised data cache Very simple format for data supply Multi-user : research / conservation / general interest Some reporting to encourage data provision and assist with identifying relevant data sources Clear acknowledgement of data sources Controlled data access
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NBN Gateway Centralised data cache Very simple format for data supply Multi-user : research / conservation / general interest Some reporting to encourage data provision and assist with identifying relevant data sources Clear acknowledgement of data sources Controlled data access Small number of standard attributes Ability to download data for further analysis
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NBN Gateway Centralised data cache Very simple format for data supply Multi-user : research / conservation / general interest Some reporting to encourage data provision and assist with identifying relevant data sources Clear acknowledgement of data sources Controlled data access Small number of standard attributes Download data for further analysis
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Solution for marine data Adopted the NBN solution rather than developing a new one Development is expensive: Prototype (1 year) 100 000 Euro Concept (2 years) 750 000 Euro Production (2 years) 750 000 Euro There are also running costs 100 000 Euro per year Adapting the solution is relatively cheap
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Has it worked? There are approximately For all species groups: NBN has 17 million records from 115 sources GBIF has 44 million from 93 sources For marine records: NBN has 1.4 million records from 15 sources OBIS has 5.6 million from 38 sources Currently the NBN holding is increasing by about half a million records a month
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0500250 Kilometers. No. sample stations 0 - 1 2 - 5 6 - 10 11 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 1000 Marine data reporting Data are summarised to a 10 km by 10 km grid
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Linking to larger networks Our system is now one of the contributing providers to the GBIF network Acting on behalf of smaller providers helping them make their data more widely available Want to use these networks to access data at larger geographic scales Real test will be – can we get enough data available through these networks to help with our broader scale analyses
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The way forward Need to feed marine biodiversity data into user’s own systems: NBN provides dynamic query/download of data to ArcGIS allowing spatial functions Increased data availability will encourage the development of new reporting tools, potentially with a faster/shorter update period Move towards annual reporting Habitats
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MESH: Development of a framework for Mapping European Seabed Habitats Co-funded by EC INTERREG IIIB Major goals: collate and harmonise existing marine habitat maps in north-west Europe provide standards and protocols for habitat mapping studies develop predictive mapping tools build a framework for future mapping programmes
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Harmonise existing maps Collate existing data into a GIS to develop first unified seabed map for north-west Europe Develop standard data exchange format/procedure Metadata catalogue of mapping studies Correlate existing maps to standard classification schemes Internet delivery – promote wider use of data http://www.searchMESH.net
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Summary Biggest problem was getting critical volume of data Simple import format Good interface Controlled access Starting to move into other data exchange problems
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