1. Federal Aviation Regulations “fun stuff”
FAR’s
Federal Aviation Regulations
“fun stuff”
Written for the Notre Dame Pilot Initiative
By the Pilots of the University of Notre Dame
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”

2. FAA/FARs Federal Aviation Administration Federal Aviation Regulations
Rules that apply to aviation, flight operations, construction of aircraft, training, and pilot certificates.
FARs are rules contained in the CFR – Code of Federal Regulations.
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”

3. Development FAR’s are enforceable regulatory laws of the United States
The FAA along with the DOT is allowed to issue and revise FAR’s
Before FAR’s become law they are published in the Notices to Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) for a period of time.
FAR texts are available directly from the FAA, via the FSDO or Internet
FAR’s contain many sections, however the parts most relevant to you as private pilots are 61, 91, and NTSB 830.
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4. FARs These two sections are: FAR Part 61 (how we get our license)
FAR Part 91 (how we lose our license)
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5. FAR Part 61
Governs the certification for pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors
Includes:
Change of Name and Address Regulations
Medical Certificates
Additional Training
Logbooks
Flight Reviews
Flight Experience and PIC
Night Operations
Pilots meaning instrument pilots, commercial pilots, and ATP
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6. Definitions Category Class Type Broad classification of aircraft
Airplane
Rotorcraft
Glider
Class
Classification of aircraft within a category with similar operating characteristics
Single-Engine
Multi-Engine
Type
Required for:
Large Aircraft
Turbojet powered airplanes
Other aircraft specified by the Administrator (Marion Blakey)
Aircraft Specific
i.e. B757
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7. Private Pilot Requirements
FAR § –
Covers applicability, eligibility, aeronautical knowledge, flight proficiency, aeronautical experience, etc…
Airplane Single Engine:
40 Hours Total
20 with a CFI
10 Solo Hours
Discuss other requirements (night flights, hood time, x-wind landings, etc…)
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8. Change of Name or Address
FAR – Change of Name
Send an application for name change accompanied by:
Current airman certificate
Copy of marriage license, court order or other document verifying name change
FAR – Change of Address
Pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor may not exercise certificate privileges unless the FAA is notified in writing within 30 days of address change.
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9. Change of Address Form
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10. FAR 61.23 - Medical Certificates
First Class
Required for Airline Transport Pilot privileges
Valid for 6 calendar months for pilots 40 and over
Valid for 12 calendar months for pilots under 40
After expiring becomes Second class
Second Class
Required for Commercial Pilot Privileges
Valid for 12 calendar months
After 12 calendar months becomes Third class
Third Class
Required for Student (Solo), Recreational, and Private Pilot privileges
Valid for 24 calendar months for pilots 40 and over
Valid for 60 calendar months for pilots under 40
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11. FAR 61.31 - Additional Training
Operation of Complex airplanes (retractable gear, flaps, and constant speed propeller)
Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized CFI
Received a one time endorsement from CFI certifying proficiency
Operation of high performance airplanes (one engine of more than 200 horse power)
Received and logged ground instruction and flight training from an authorized CFI
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12. FAR 61.31 - Additional Training (cont.)
Operation of tailwheel airplanes
Received and logged flight training from an authorized CFI
Received a one time endorsement from CFI certifying proficiency
Operation of pressurized aircraft (high-altitude endorsement - above 25,000 MSL)
Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized CFI
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13. FAR – Pilot Logbooks
Purpose of logbook is to demonstrate currency and qualification for additional certificates/ratings
Presentation of documents for inspection
Logbook, pilot certificate, medical certificate, or other
Reasonable request from Administrator, authorized NTSB agent, federal, state, or local law enforcement officer
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14. FAR – Flight Reviews
No person may act as pilot in command unless
They have accomplished a flight review in the preceding 24 calendar months
They have a logbook endorsement from the authorized flight instructor who gave the review, certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review
Flight Review Syllabus
Minimum of one hour of flight instruction on maneuvers that the CFI feels are appropriate for the certificate privileges being exercised.
Minimum of one hour of ground instruction on Part 91 of the FARs
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”

15. FAR 61.57 – Recent Flight Experience as Pilot In Command
General Experience for Carrying Passengers
Three takeoffs and landings within the preceding 90 days in the same category and class
Accomplished a flight review in preceding 24 calendar months – see FAR 61.56
Night Experience for Carrying Passengers
Three takeoffs and landing to a full stop within the preceding 90 days in the same category and class
Accomplished a flight review in the preceding 24 calendar months – see FAR 61.56
Tail Wheel Aircraft – must be to a full stop day and night!
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16. Night Ops FAR 61.51 – Logging of Night Time
One hour after civil sunset
One hour before civil sunrise
FAR – Aircraft light
Required for operation from sunset to sunrise
Turn on position lights
Turn on anti-collision light (strobes), if available
(unless PIC determines it’s in interest of safety to turn off)
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17. FAR Part 91 Responsibility of PIC Dropping of Objects
Alcohol and Drugs
Preflight Action
Use of Seatbelts
Fuel Requirements
MSA’s
Required Documents
Compliance with ATC Clearances
ELT’s
Oxygen Requirements
Inspections
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18. FAR 91.3 PIC Responsibility
Directly responsible for, and the final authority as to the operation of the aircraft
In an emergency, PIC may deviate from any stated rule to meet that emergency
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19. FAR 91.15 Dropping of Objects
No PIC may allow an object to dropped from an aircraft that creates a hazard to persons or property
An object may be dropped if reasonable precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage to persons or property
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20. FAR 91.17 – Alcohol and Drugs No person may act as crew
Within 8 hours of drinking alcoholic beverages
While under the influence of alcohol or drugs
While having 0.04% (by weight) alcohol level in blood
Only in an emergency is the PIC allowed to carry a person under the influence of drugs and alcohol
Crew members must submit to drug/alcohol testing if requested to do so by law enforcement officer
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21. FAR Preflight Action
Each PIC shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information about the flight including:
Weather reports
Fuel requirements
Alternates
Traffic delays
Runway lengths at airports of intended use
Takeoff and landing information in POH
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22. FAR 91.107 Use of Seat Belts, Shoulder Harnesses, and Child Restraint Systems
No PIC may take off unless he/she ensures that each person on board is briefed on how to fasten and unfasten that person’s safety belt and, if installed, their shoulder harness
No PIC may move on the surface, take off, or land unless PIC ensures that each person on board has been notified to fasten that person’s safety belt and, if installed, their shoulder harness
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23. Fuel Requirements VFR Requirements Part 91.151
DAY TIME - Must have enough fuel on board to fly to original intended point of landing and 30 minutes beyond that point
NIGHT TIME – 45 mins
IFR Requirements Part
Fly to airport of intended landing, then fly to the alternate filed at normal cruise, then 45 minutes thereafter.
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24. FAR – Right of Way Rules
An aircraft in distress has right of way over all other aircraft
An aircraft being over taken has the right of way and must be passed on the right
When two aircraft of the same category are converging, but not head-on, the aircraft to the left shall give way
When two aircraft of the same category are converging on a head-on collision course, both aircraft shall give way to the right
The least maneuverable aircraft normally has the right of way:
balloon over glider over aircraft refueling in flight over airship over airplane over rotorcraft
When two or more aircraft are approaching an airport for landing, the right of way belongs to the aircraft at the lower altitude
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25. “Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”

26. “Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”

27. FAR 91.119 Minimum Safe Altitudes
The minimum safe altitude anywhere must allow an emergency landing, following an engine failure, without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface.
Congested area –
1,000 ft. in a 2,000 ft. radius
Uncongested area-
500 ft.
Over sparsely populated areas or open water –
500 ft. of any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.
Tell funny story about S-3 flight this summer w/ cruise ship
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28. FAR 91.123 Compliance with ATC Clearances
When an ATC clearance has been obtained, no PIC may deviate from that clearance unless:
An amended clearance is obtained
An emergency exists
Deviation is in response to a traffic alert and collision avoidance system resolution advisory
When PIC is uncertain of an ATC clearance, PIC should request clarification
ATC clearances are not authorization to deviate from the rules
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29. Required Airman Documents
Pilot Certificate
Medical Certificate
Government issued ID
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30. Required Aircraft Documents
Use the Mnemonic A-R-O-W
Airworthiness certificate
Registration certificate
Operating handbook (POH)
Weight and Balance data
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31. Required Aircraft Instruments
DAY VFR
TOMATO FLAMES
Tachometer
Oil Pressure
Manifold Pressure
Altitude Indicator
Temperature Gauges (liquid-cooled engines)
Oil Temperature (air-cooled engines)
Fuel Gauges
Landing light position indicator (if applicable)
Airspeed Indicator
Magnetic Compass
ELT
Seat Belts
NIGHT VFR
Day VFR +
FLAPS
Fuses
Landing Lights (for hire)
Anti-collision lights
Position lights
Source of Power
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32. FAR 91.207 - ELTs Emergency Locator Transmitter
Operates on Mhz (or 406 Mhz)
ELT batteries must be:
Inspected every 12 calendar months
Replaced after one hour of continuous use or after 50% of useful life has expired as determined by manufacturer
Aircraft cannot be flown without a functioning ELT, except:
When being ferried to another airport for ELT installations, replacement, or repair
Only aircrews may fly on the ferry flight, no passengers
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33. FAR 91.211 – Use of Oxygen Flight crews must use oxygen
12,500 ft MSL up to and including 14,000 ft MSL for more than 30 mins
Above 14,000 ft MSL at all times
Passengers must be provided oxygen
Above 15,000 ft MSL
Altitudes shown above are cabin pressure altitudes
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34. Aircraft Inspections FAR 91.409 Airframe and Powerplant Inspections
Every 12 calendar months (annual)
Every 100 hrs for aircraft used for hire
FAR Pitot-Static System Tests and Inspection
Every 24 calendar months
FAR Transponder Tests and Inspection
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35. NTSB 830
Immediate notification to a National Safety Board field office in the event of the following:
Aircraft accident
Any of the following incidents
Flight control system or malfunction
Inability of flight crew member to perform flight duties due to injury or illness
In-flight fire
Mid-air collision
Damage to other property (not aircraft) of more than $25,000
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36. BE GREAT AND CONCENTRATE!
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