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CHAPTER An Evolution of Physical Network Architectures
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Chapter Objectives Discuss the different network hardware architectures that span varying sizes of business enterprises Provide an insight into LAN architectural evolution –Centralized, decentralized, mixed etc. Introduce the WAN architecture that is becoming increasingly relevant to the Internet
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Chapter Modules Small Computer Networks Medium Sized Computer Networks Large Scale Computer Networks Enterprise Computer Networks Wide Area Networks
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Chapter Focus on Functional Types Distributed –LAN driven –Current trend Centralized –Mini/Mainframe derived –Past trend and probably the future trend Combination –Distributed/ Centralized –Emerging trend
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MODULE Small Computer Networks
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Major Types Distributed –Resources and executions are distributed over the network –LAN Centralized –Resources and execution are confined to a central unit –Multi-user Micro A Unix multi-user computer operating under the Unix operating system –Entry-level minicomputers also known as departmental computers
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LAN Evolution File Server Application Server (Client-Server Technology) Thin-Clients & Terminal Servers Distributed execution Cooperative execution Centralized execution Past Present Future Mainframe architecture of the past
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IBM 9370 Virtual Machine Example
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END OF MODULE
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Suns Computer Network Sun Enterprise Server Pentium
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Web Research Visit www.sun.com and obtain information about their Sun Enterprise serverswww.sun.com –How are they networked together? –Choose a server to serve 25 workstations Sun Enterprise Server 220REnterprise Server 220R
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MODULE Medium Sized Computer Networks
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Major Types Centralized architecture –Past, present and possible future –Minicomputers Decentralized architecture –Present –Very large LANs with Multiple segments Mixed architecture –Combination of both of the above –Large LAN with different network segments
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Centralized Architecture: Medium Sized Computer Network AS 400 Micro OS 400 Token Ring OS2 / Warp
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Web Research Visit www.ibm.com to obtain more information about the configuration of an AS 400 computer for:www.ibm.com –Running OS/400 –Functioning as a file server for a Windows net work Name the different IBM server families Visit www.search400.com for additional information on AS/400www.search400.com
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Decentralized Architecture: A Switched LAN Ethernet Switch Client Ethernet LAN Segments Hub
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END OF MODULE
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MODULE Large-Scale Computer Networks
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Types Centralized Architecture Decentralized Architecture Combination of both
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Examples Mainframe computer –Centralized Heterogeneous LAN –Distributed
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Large Scale Centralized Computer Network Concentrator Term. PC Pc Mainframe Front-end Processor DASD Hard Disk Modem Server
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Mainframe Reference Terminology for Equipment DCE (Data Communication Equipment) –Front-end Processor, Modem Server and Concentrator for example DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) –Terminals, PCs and Printers for example
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LAN Reference Terminology for Equipment Internetworking devices –Switches, Routers etc. Clients or Workstations –PCs
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Heterogeneous LAN Architecture RouterSwitch WS Hub WS Server 3 Server 4 LANs With Servers/Minicomputers Server 1 Server 2
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Switch Switch network traffic between the LAN segments Allows crossover traffic from one segment to another segment Otherwise, the network traffic is confined to the individual segments Used for connecting LAN segments that operate under the same protocol Performs Layer 2 functions –Newer switches may also perform some routing which is a Layer 3 functions Such switches are called Layer 3 switches
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Router Used for connecting LAN segments that operate under different protocols A more advanced device compared to the switch Routes traffic between different LANs Performs Layer 3 functions
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Web Research Visit www.whatis.com and get the definition for switches and gatewayswww.whatis.com Access www.cisco.com to obtain further information on the followingwww.cisco.com –Switch –Router
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END OF MODULE
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MODULE Enterprise Computer Networks
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Major Types Centralized –Based on mainframes –Mainframe derived architecture Decentralized –Based on a backbone used of connecting LANs and other computer systems –LAN driven architecture
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Enterprise Systems Network: Centralized Architecture Mainframe Front End Processor Mini- Computer Term. PC Concentrator LAN Modem Server Ter. External Lines Gateway
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Enterprise Systems/Campus Network Fiber Optic Backbone (FDDI) Mainframe Systems Bus LAN Ring LAN Modem Gateway WAN Connection Star LAN
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END OF MODULE
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MODULE Wide Area Networks
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Types By virtue of its definition, it is a decentralized network
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Wide Area Network Overview Public Network (Frame Relay ATM, X.25) LANs Terminal or Microcomputer Campus Network Enterprise Systems Network Mainframe Systems
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Web Research Access a reference website such as www.whatis.com to obtain information on the following www.whatis.com –ATM, Frame Relay, X.25 –DS1, DS3 etc. –T1, T3 etc. –OC1, OC3 etc. Switches and Routers
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END OF MODULE
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END OF MODULE END OF CHAPTER
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