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Markets for African Tilapia Products and Impacts on Local Supplies Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D. Professor, University of Arizona PI – Aquaculture CRSP Vice President, American Tilapia Association President, World Aquaculture Society Washington D.C. April 28, 2004
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Introduction F Quick review of tilapia F Explosion in tilapia trade F The US and International Markets F Value added products F Opportunities to expand markets
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Tilapia production F Currently second in volume to carps F Prediction: Tilapia will become most important aquaculture crop in this century F Widest demand, no religious/cultural concerns, few environmental concerns F More genetic potential F Greatest variety of production systems
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Farmed around the world. F Tilapia production in 100+ countries. F China is world’s largest producer. F Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Latin America, Egypt significant producers F Germany, Belgium, Spain, Canada, Korea, Japan, most states in US F Total production >1,500,000 mt in 2003
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Global Tilapia Sales (farmgate) F For year 2000 F US $ 1,706,538,200 (FAO Fisheries Circular No. 886) F 2003 sales >$ 2,500,000,000
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Tilapia - the aquatic chicken F Grows in all kinds of farms F Eats all kinds of food F Large eggs and easy to rear young F Lots of ways to prepare the fish
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Ponds and cages
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Intensive tank culture Tanks in Arizona Tanks in Eritrea
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Raceway Systems Intensive raceways Extensive raceways
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Intensive farms in buildings in cool climates
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Intensive farms with recirculation in greenhouses
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Integrated with crop irrigation
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How did tilapia get so popular, so fast?
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Tilapia - the Perfect “Aquaculture” Storm
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Tilapia widely popular around the world and beyond. F Common names: Tilapia, chambo, boulti, lou fei, pla nil, St. Peters fish, mojara, freshwater and/or red snapper F Used in many cuisine, hundreds of recipes, often replaces over-fished local species F Eggs hatched and fry reared on International Space Station
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Established market demand F Accepted in many national dishes F Popular in many forms (live, whole, fillets, fresh and frozen, smoked, sashimi, fried skins)
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Environmentally correct F Primarily vegetarian F Most farm systems cause little pollution F Tilapia were long ago established as exotic species, common food fish F Grown mostly in developing countries F Few diseases, essentially no chemicals used
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Research & Development ISTA 6 (Manila, Philippines, Sept 12 -16, 2004) F International Symposia on Tilapia in Aquaculture
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Genetic Improvements in Tilapia (From: Mair, G., 2002)
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The YY male technology (GMT ® )
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Major Tilapia Producers (for year 2002) F China - 706,000 metric tons / year F Philippines - 122,277 mt / year F Mexico - 110,000 mt / year F Thailand - 100,000 mt / year F Taiwan Province - 90,000 mt / year F Brasil - 75,000 mt / year F Indonesia - 50,000 mt / year
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Major African Tilapia Producers (for year 2002) F Egypt - 55,000 metric tons / year F Zimbabwe - 5,000 mt / year F Kenya - 2,000 mt / year F Zambia - 1,000 mt / year F South Africa - 1,000 mt / year
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Commercial tilapia farms in Africa Army Farm near Abassa, Egypt Dominion Group Rice/Tilapia farm near Kisumu, Kenya Lake Harvest on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe Farmers Co-op on Lake Kariba Zambia
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Tilapia research centers in Africa Abassa, Egypt Sagana and Eldoret, Kenya Stellenbosch, South Africa Zomba, Malawi Massawa, Eritrea Boake, Cote D’ Ivoire
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Cages in Egypt 10 m 2 cages near Alexandria
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SeaWater Farms, Massawa, Eritrea
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Lake Harvest, Zimbabwe
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EU Tilapia Supply and Demand F Supply of fillets primarily from China, Southeast Asia, South and Central America. F Demand for live fish in immigrant Asian and African communities F With rapid increases in supply, demand must increase at least as fast to support price.
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Consumer evolution F Ethnic buyers (Asian - African) F Up-scale restaurants F Casual dining F Hyper and super markets F Local groceries
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US Tilapia consumption - 2003 ( 187,000 mt of live weight = 412,260,000 lbs)
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Top Ten Seafoods (U.S.) per capita (lbs)
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US. Tilapia imports 1993-2002
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$ 174,215,165 (2002) $241,205,610 (2003)
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17,952 mt fresh fillets, 23,249 mt frozen fillets, 49,045 mt whole frozen (2003)
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F Imports in 2003 were $241,205,610 F US production of $30,000,000 at farm F 2003 sales were over $271,000,000 F 1994 - 2003 US tilapia sales (imports and domestic) exceeded one billion $$$ US Consumption of tilapia
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Major fresh fillet buyers (US) F Major restaurant chains (Darden: Red Lobster, Bahama Breeze, Olive Garden, Landry’s: Joe’s CrabShack, Wille G’s, Rainforest Cafe), Ruby Tuesday, Applebees). F Major grocery chains (Safeway, Kroger, Winn-Dixie, Wegmans, Publix, Basha’s) F Food service (supply small restaurant & grocery chains) - SYSCO, Fleming Co., Shamrock F Brokers - most based in Miami, Tampa, Houston, Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York, Seattle
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Fresh tilapia fillet products F Size (under 3 oz, 195 g F Skin on, shallow skin or deep skin F Individual wrap, 2 or 5 kg package, master pack
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Fresh tilapia fillet product prices FOB Miami F Size (under 3 oz, 195 g $3.35 - 3.55/lb F Variation in prices due to skinning, packaging, volumes and history with buyer F Additional variations with terms of payment
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Expanding European markets F Quality control and assurance F Advertising F New recipes F Substitute for sea bream, sea bass, flounder, snapper F New value added product forms
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Quality control and assurance F National standards F ISO and HACCP (Hazard Analysis at Critical Control Points) F Industry standards F Buyer standards F Other (NGO’s)
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Advertising
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Direct retail sales
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New recipes
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By-products F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Pharmaceuticals from skins F Formed fish products F Fertilizer F Fish meal
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Major Tilapia Producers in International Trade F China - whole frozen, IQF fillets F Ecuador - fresh fillets F Taiwan - whole, IQF, sashimi F South & Central America - fresh fillets F Zimbabwe - Fresh fillets F Indonesia - IQF fillets F Thailand - IQF fillets
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Current EU Market Trends F Increase in demand for all forms of tilapia F Demand increase will be greatest for fresh fillets F Prices have been constant for several years and will remain stable, will not increase with inflation
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African Markets F Local production and consumption F Majority stays in producing household F Egypt has market development, but little processing capacity F Rest of Africa needs more processing
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Impacts of “Industrial” Production of Tilapia F Spin-off some products into local markets F Availability of prepared feeds F Availability of domesticated stocks F Possibility of more production cooperatives
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Changes and Predictions F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization
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Changes and Predictions F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 30% cages, 10% intensive recirculating and tank systems, 10 % other
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Predictions for Value-added products F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries
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Sashimi
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IQF Fillets
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Breaded tilapia products
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Fried tilapia skins
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Smoked products
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Changes and Predictions F More “organic” forms F Reduction in MT for sex reversal
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Changes and Predictions F World tilapia production (1,265,780 mt in 2000, FAO) reached 1,500,000 mt in 2003 and 2,000,000 mt by 2010 F 2003 sales over $2 billion F 2010 sales over $4 billion
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Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program Thank you! Questions? The Aquaculture CRSP is funded in part by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Grant No. LAG-G-00-96-90015-00 and by participating institutions.
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Tilapia production in the Americas
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Strain evaluations F For saline waters - Hybrid red strains are preferred F For cage and pond culture Chitralada strain of O. niloticus originally from Thailand and further developed in Brasil. F The GIFT strain of O. niloticus, originally developed in Philippines is most common in Philippines and China F YY Super males - Genetically Male Tilapia
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Estimated cost of production F China - $0.70/kg F Africa - $0.75/kg F Philippines, Indonesia, Brasil - $0.80/kg F Thailand, Peru - $0.85/kg F Ecuador, Honduras, Costa Rica - $0.90/kg F Mexico - $1.00/kg F Taiwan Province - $1.05/kg F US - $2.00/kg F Canada - $2.10/kg
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