1. Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment

2. Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Clean Water Act) Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Add Clark In A Watershed – Everyone Lives Downstream

3. Receiving Water Impacts LTI Software Q = 8 C = 0, 250, 100

4. Michigan NPDES Permit

5. Treatment Plant Design LTI Software Cin = 250 k = 0.1 V = 0, 250, 750

6. Aluminum Forming Battery Manufacturing; Cement Manufacturing; Coil Coating & Can Making; Copper Forming; Dairy Products Processing; Electrical & Electronic Component Manufacturing; Electroplating & Metal Finishing; Explosives Manufacturing; Fruit & Vegetable Processing; Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Fertilizer Manufacturing; Glass Manufacturing; Gum & Wood Chemicals Manufacturing; Ink Formulating; Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Iron & Steel Manufacturing; Leather Tanning & Finishing; Meat Products Processing; Metal Molding & Casting; Mining Operations; Nonferrous Metals Processing; Organic Chemicals, Plastic & Synthetic Fibers Manufacturing; Paving & Roofing Materials Manufacturing; Soap & Detergent Manufacturing; Petroleum Refining; Pesticide Manufacturing; Porcelain Enameling; Pharmaceutical Manufacturing; Plastic Molding & Forming; Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Manufacturing Timber Products Processing; Textile Mills Federally-Regulated Non-Domestic Sources http://www.socwa.com/indwaste.htm

7. Chemicals Designated as Priority Pollutants (126) AROCLOR 1254 (industrial product; banned) BENZENE (industrial product) BENZO(A)PYRENE (asphalt roofing manufacture) CADMIUM (heavy metal; electric/gas industries) CHLORDANE (pesticide; banned or restricted) CHROMIUM (heavy metal; widely used in industry) DDT (pesticide; banned or restricted) ENDRIN (pesticide; banned or restricted) MERCURY (heavy metal; electric/gas and chemical industries) PENTACHLOROPHENOL (industrial chemical – wood products) TOLUENE (widely used industrial chemical) TRICHLOROETHYLENE (industrial solvent, degreaser) http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-groups/one-list.tcl?short_list_name=pp

8. What’s in wastewater? Waste  human feces and urine  food from sinks  soaps and other cleaning agents  runoff from streets and lawns  industrial discharges

9. What’s in wastewater? Water  lots of it!  Urinal - 1 gallon per flush  Toilet - 4 gallons per flush  Shower - 20 gallons per use  Overall - 55 gal/person/day

10. It’s mostly water! There are about 500 parts of waste in every 1 million parts of wastewater; that’s 500 ppm. It’s like trying to find this class at a sold out Packers game! H2OH2O

11. So what’s the problem? P SNOT: it snot a pretty picture!

12. Composition of Domestic Wastewater ConstituentInfluentEffluent Suspended Solids200-300 30 BOD 5 200-400 30 Ammonia Nitrogen 20-40 1-2 Phosphorus 7-10 1 Fecal Coliforms 10 4 -10 6 200 All concentrations are mg/L, except fecal coliforms which are colony forming units (cfu) per 100 mL.

13. Where does it go when you flush the toilet? This is really not something I’ve given a lot of thought to.

14. Collection Systems

15. Portage Lake Sewer System Hancock Houghton Franklin Sq. Super 8 MTU M&M Bldg. POTW P P G G G G P Surface; 30” 10’;36” Lake; 48” 20’; 48” Near Surface; 30”

16. It’s a 24/7 thing! On average, the Portage Lake Treatment Plant receives 2.8 MGD of raw wastewater with peak flows >10 MGD. The average daily flow to the plant would fill the EERC to the roof in 4 days. How much?

17. Combined Sewer Overflows Milwaukee Tunnel Project http://www.mmsd.com/projects/collection7.cfmhttp://www.lakemichigan.org/news/appeals.asp CSOs, Onondaga Creek, Syracuse, NY To Treatment Plant

18. Metcalf & Eddy Diurnal Variation in Wastewater Flow

19. Metcalf & Eddy Wet-Dry Variation in Wastewater Flow

20. Bar Rack

21. Screen

22. Comminutor

23. Grit Chamber

24. Dissolved Air Floatation

25. Preliminary Treatment Overview Bar Rack or Screen or Comminutor Grit Chamber Flow Equalization from pumps or wet well to primary treatment

26. Primary Treatment – Rectangular Clarifier

27. Primary Treatment – Circular Clarifier

28. horizontal flow clarifier upward flow clarifier

29. (From Kiely, 1997)

30. Secondary or Biological Treatment Simple carbohydrates (a form of organic matter) are produced by plants through the process of photosynthesis. These are then converted to more complex carbohydrates and other forms of organic matter such as starches, fats and proteins. simple. The sun’s energy, captured during photosynthesis, is stored in the chemical bonds of this organic matter. Organisms (from bacteria to humans) take up and metabolize organic matter to obtain the energy required to support life. In secondary or biological treatment, we utilize microorganisms to remove the dissolved and small particulate organic matter which would exert an oxygen demand if it were released to the environment. The waste (actually organic matter) is simply converted into another form (microorganisms) which can then be separated from the waste stream by settling yielding a clean effluent.

31. The Microbial Loop in Nature

32. Microorganisms in Secondary or Biological Treatment Source: http://www.college.ucla.edu/webproject/micro7/studentprojects7/Rader/asludge2.htm

33. The Microbial Loop in Secondary Treatment

34. Secondary Treatment – Trickling Filter

35. Filter Media Image Source: Wastewater Engineering, Metcalf & Eddy

36. Secondary Treatment – Rotating Biological Disks

37. Secondary Treatment – Activated Sludge

38. The Monod Curve (From Kiely, 1997)

39. Batch Growth Curve

40. F/M Ratio versus BOD Removal Efficiency (From Kiely, 1997) Endogenous Growth Log Growth Declining Growth

41. Activated Sludge: aeration (diffuser)

42. Activated Sludge: aeration (mechanical)

43. Activated Sludge: Plug Flow Configurations (From M&E) Plug Flow (Conventional)

44. Activated Sludge: Plug Flow Configurations (From M&E)

45. Activated Sludge: Plug Flow Configurations (From M&E)

46. Activated Sludge: Completely Mixed Flow Configurations (From M&E)

47. Activated Sludge: Completely Mixed Flow Configurations (From M&E)

48. Secondary Clarifier

49. Disinfection (UV light)

51. putrid: in a state of foul decay, as animal or vegetable matter putrescible: liable to become putrid Putrescible

52. Anaerobic Digestion: Biochemistry

53. Anaerobic Digestion: Reactors

54. Sludge Drying Beds

55. Belt Filter

56. Centrifuge

57. Multiple Hearth Furnace

58. Land Application The Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District provides wastewater treatment to villages towns and cities surrounding the Madison area lakes. Biosolids produced at the MMSD Nine Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant are recycled to agricultural land as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. Biosolids recycling practices are regulated by both USEPA and Wisconsin DNR to ensure that human and animal health are protected. http://www.madsewer.org/EMS-start-3.htm http://www.stdnet.com/company/?category_number=4&subcategory_number=3

59. Recycling The Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District has been marketing its biosolids as Milorganite, a fertilizer and soil conditioner, for over 80 years. Today, 55,000 tons of Milorganite are sold annually. Milorganite is produced by place dewatered sludge cake in massive dryers with a temperature gradient of 800-1200 °F at the inlet and 180-210 °F at the outlet. This effectively inactivates viral and bacterial pathogens. http://members.cox.net/matthewhill_agrilawn/agrilawn1.htm http://www.lowes.com/lowes/lkn?action=productDetail&productId=97821-1321-97821&lpage=none http://www.biosolids.org/docs/source/MilWI.pdf

61. Lagoons or Oxidation Ponds

62. Septic Tanks