1. CHICAGO 1818-1848 -The Movement for Statehood -Led by Daniel Pope Cook and Nathaniel Pope -Daniel Pope Cook: First auditor of public accounts for Illinois territory, purchased part of territories first newspaper, and became clerk of the territory’s legislature -Nathaniel Pope: Was territory’s delegate (representative) to U.S. Congress, proposed amendment which pushed border of Illinois further north in what was Wisconsin -Statehood required 40,000 people -Illinois was not large enough -Families were counted 2 or 3 times -People passing through to the west were counted -The fraudulent number reached 40,258 for final census

2. Illinois Admission  Illinois is admitted as a state on Dec. 3, 1818  Was the 21 st state  Was a free state (Slavery is outlawed)  Native Americans still roam the frontier  Chicago is a very small fur trading settlement and Native American gathering place

3. Blackhawk  1829 federal government moved Sauk (Sac) and Fox Indians from N.W. Illinois to Iowa  Those who did not comply had crops burned and homes destroyed  Indians retaliated  Chief of the tribes, Blackhawk attempted to negotiate with the gov’t peacefully, but they did not listen  1831 the Indians came back to Illinois to plant crops in familiar soil  U.S. gov’t sent out the militia to remove the Indians

4. The Blackhawk War 1832  War lasted 15 weeks  600 Indians and 72 federal troops died  Blackhawk was captured, but was later released in Iowa  Blackhawk stayed in Iowa until he died in 1838  The war effectively removed Indians from Illinois and would open the door for a wave of settlement

5. Chicago Becomes A Town  One year after Blackhawk War victory, 1833  Population was only 350 people  Today Chicago is approx. 3,000,000 people  The proposal of a new canal, removal of Indians, and cheap land will attract thousands of people to the new western town

6. Land Boom of the 1830s  Land speculators came to Chi. for three reasons…  Proposal of a canal to connect Lake Mich. with the Mississippi River  The “dangerous” Indians were removed  Western banks gave loans to just about anyone

7. Land Boom continued…  Land prices would become inflated (increase in price) between 1833 and 1836  Demand of land was up, so value increased  Andrew Jackson crushed western banks ability to loan money by requiring land to only be bought with gold or silver  Loans in gold or silver were unavailable  The economy suffered greatly b/c demand went down, prices went down and people went into massive debt  Economic Depression took place from 1839-1842

8. Chicago Becomes A City (1837)  First elected mayor was William Butler Ogden  Ogden remained optimistic during the depression  Ogden was described as Chicago’s most “Indefatigable booster”  Population went from 350 in 1833 to 4,000 in 1837

9. The Canal (1836-1848)  Canal would be called the Illinois-Michigan Canal  Canal would run 96 miles from Bridgeport to Central Illinois  Progress on the canal was slow b/c of depression  Governor Thomas Ford got a loan in order to cont. building the canal, but it required Illinois residents to be taxed to pay off the loan  Canal was finished in 12 years (1848). All dug by hand!

10. Canal Cont…  Canal collected tolls from all the boats. First 6 months Illinois collected $87,890  By 1851 canal carried 90% of all corn coming into Chicago  Chicago grew b/c of canal; farmers and businessman wanted to live and work near the canal to take advantage of efficient mode of shipping goods  The Irish come to Chicago in droves for work; most canal diggers were Irish.  From 1848 Chicago’s population grew from 20,035 to 74, 530  Almost 55,000 people came in just 6 years, and Chicago is soon becoming a major American city.