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Electro- magnetic waves in matter
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Linear media: velocity: most materials:
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Reflection, transmission and refraction
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Boundary conditions
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Normal incidence
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Reflection coefficient Transmission coefficient
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Lens coating http://www.canon.com/technology/s_labo/light/003/03.html
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Oblique incidence
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Plane of incidence The incident, reflected and transmitted wave vectors lie in a plane, which also includes the normal to the surface. angle of incidence angle of reflection angle of refraction Law of reflection Law of refraction (Snell’s Law) Willebrord Snell, 1621
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Total internal reflection
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Binoculars Jewelry
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Diamonds
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Fiber optics
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Near field optical scanning microscope Application of evanescent waves:
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Muscle fiber
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Intensity and polarization
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Fresnel’s Laws TE polarization E of I, R, and T are perpendicular to the plane of incidence (B in) TM polarization E of I, R, and T are in the plane of incidence (B perpendicular)
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Intensities
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TM polarization Brewster’s angle
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1938 Polaroid film
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Polarization measurementsCrossed polarizers
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Egg nebula
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Materials under stress rotate the polarization plane.
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