1. LowHigh Equal Distance Quantification Individual Differences 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2. 2019 1021 Interval & Ratio

3. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Nominal Winners Tops Losers BottomOrdinal

4. M Md ModeMode Md M Mean Median Mode is unbiased, consistent and efficient estimate of µ Central Tendency & Skewness

5. Percentile is the value on a scale below which a given percentage of cases fall. 25 th percentile is called lower quartile. 75 th percentile is called upper quartile.

6. Average squared deviation from the mean Average deviation from the mean s 2 is unbiased, consistent, efficient estimate of σ 2 Variability (& Kurtosis) σ2σ2 σ2σ2 σ2σ2

7. Bar Chart

9. Line Chart

10. Box Plot + + +

12. Stem and Leaf Plot 217 1332 234 3*4 3310 925 433 2062 452 1** 334 234 323 24 1000 2000000000 300000000000 40000000 500 60 70 8 90 100 HI20,33 Data Stem–and-Leaf Missing = 3

13. SB IQ T-score 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 GRE, SAT 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Wechsler IQ 55 70 85 100 115 130 145 52 68 84 100 116 132 148 Test of this course 5 15 25 35 45 µ = 0, σ= 1 µ = 50, σ= 10 µ = 500, σ= 100 µ= 100, σ= 15 µ= 100, σ= 16 µ= 25, σ= 10 Linear Transformation & Standard Scores - 4.0 -3.0 - 2.0 -1.0 0 +1.0 +2.0 +3.0 +4.0 z-score

14. -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3.1359.3413.0228 Normal Distribution

15. 1.640 0.05 P (X > 1.64)

16. -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3.1359 Area between -1 and -2

17. = 35, s = 5, % above 40.1587 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

18. = 35, s = 5, % above 30.8413 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

19. = 35, s = 5, % below 25.0228 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

20. = 35, s = 5, % between 25 and 30.1587 – 0.0228 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

21. = 35, s = 5, 95th percentile 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 1.64 43.2

22. = 35, s = 5, 75th percentile 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3.67 38.35

23. CI 90 -1.64 1.64 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

24. -1.961.96 CI 95