1. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 1 Figure 20.1 Karl Gustav Cassel (1866-1945)

2. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 2 Figure 20.2 Different versions of the Law of One Price and PPP* * Some qualifications for the implication arrows may apply, see the main text for details.

3. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 3 Figure 20.3 Exchange rates and prices, 1960-2001

4. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 4 Figure 20.4 Basic econometrics: observations and lines

5. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 5 Figure 20.5 5 US dollar: trade weights (top six) and competitiveness weights

6. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 6 Figure 20.5 5 US dollar: trade weights (top six) and competitiveness weights

7. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 7 Figure 20.6 US dollar: real effective exchange rates

8. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 8 Figure 20.6 US dollar: real effective exchange rates

9. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 9 Figure 20.7 Euro: effective index weights, EER-23

10. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 10 Figure 20.8 Euro: nominal and real effective exchange rates

11. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 11 Figure 20.9 Exchange and prices under extreme circumstances

12. International Economics: Theory, Application, and Policy, Ch. 20;  Charles van Marrewijk, 2006 12 Figure 20.10 Gross domestic product;top 20, ranked according to PPP, 2003