1. THE FUTURE OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIES ( INCLUDING THE UC S AN D IEGO L IBRARIES ) UCSD L IBRARIES M ANAGEMENT G ROUP 18 N OVEMBER 2009 Brian E. C. Schottlaender The Audrey Geisel University Librarian

2. O VERVIEW Hybrid Libraries What’s the Same What’s Different – Users – Content – Tools and Systems – Services – Space What’s Coming

3. T ODAY ’ S A CADEMIC L IBRARY I S STILL A H YBRID The hybrid library is on the continuum between the conventional and [the] digital library, where electronic and paper-based information sources are used alongside each other. — Stephen Pinfield et al., “Realizing the Hybrid Library” D-Lib Magazine (October 1998)

4. F ROM “B RICKS AND M ORTAR ”... I NFORMATION IS P APER - BASED

5. ... T O... I NFORMATION IS P APER - BASED I NFORMATION IS D IGITAL

6. ... “C LICKS AND M ORTAR ” P APER - BASED I NFORMATION D IGITAL I NFORMATION

7. T HE M ORE T HINGS C HANGE, T HE M ORE T HEY S TAY THE S AME Increased information output, generally Increased publishing output, specifically Increased costs for publishing output Increased demand for services Increased expenditures Funding pressures Staffing pressures Space pressures

8. ... “part of an uneven and protracted transition to a future that is increasingly dominated by the fast pace of change... The postmodern librarian faces distinctions between the world of print and the postmodern digital world. These distinctions involve resources, services, facilities, patrons, and the human resources and skills associated with the profession of librarianship.” — Peter Young L IBRARIES A RE...

9. S O W HAT ’ S C HANGING ? Users Content Tools & Systems Services Space

10. USERS: W HAT A RE T HEIR C HARACTERISTICS ? “Millennials are more connected than any previous generation. They grew up with mobile, easily accessible information that is available 24/7.” — Moving Ahead 2.7 (July 2007) “Many Net Gen students think of their mobile devices as more than efficient or convenient pieces of hardware; they view the devices as integral to their daily lives.” — Joan Lippincott. “Mobile Technologies, Mobile Users.” ARL 261 (December 2008) “... there is a new focus on teamwork; students prefer working together rather than alone. This is reflected both in leisure activities, such as sports, as well as in the classroom where there is a new emphasis on group learning.” — Susan Gardner & Susanna Eng. “What Students Want.” portal 5.3 (2005) “Millennials multitask, and they do it well. This is the generation most likely to be sat in front of the television while listening to their iPod, texting their friends and surfing the Internet.” — Helen Leggatt. “Millennials: Marketing to a New Generation.” BizReport (September 18, 2008) “Customisation [ sic ], or customer co-creation, is especially important to millennials, according to executives. Nearly 40% of those surveyed believe that companies should allow customers greater choice in designing or tailoring their products, with 32% noting that companies should solicit direct input from millennials in the product creation process.” — “Maturing with the Millennials: A Report from The Economist Intelligence Unit.” (2008) “They are unabashedly self-confident.” — William Pisano. “A Millennial Dilemma.” ere.net (April 23, 2008)

11. USERS: W HAT A RE T HEIR C HARACTERISTICS ? “Millennials are more connected than any previous generation. They grew up with mobile, easily accessible information that is available 24/7.” — Moving Ahead 2.7 (July 2007) “Many Net Gen students think of their mobile devices as more than efficient or convenient pieces of hardware; they view the devices as integral to their daily lives.” — Joan Lippincott. “Mobile Technologies, Mobile Users.” ARL 261 (December 2008) “... there is a new focus on teamwork; students prefer working together rather than alone. This is reflected both in leisure activities, such as sports, as well as in the classroom where there is a new emphasis on group learning.” — Susan Gardner & Susanna Eng. “What Students Want.” portal 5.3 (2005) “Millennials multitask, and they do it well. This is the generation most likely to be sat in front of the television while listening to their iPod, texting their friends and surfing the Internet.” — Helen Leggatt. “Millennials: Marketing to a New Generation.” BizReport (September 18, 2008) “Customisation [sic], or customer co-creation, is especially important to millennials, according to executives. Nearly 40% of those surveyed believe that companies should allow customers greater choice in designing or tailoring their products, with 32% noting that companies should solicit direct input from millennials in the product creation process.” — “Maturing with the Millennials: A Report from The Economist Intelligence Unit.” (2008) “They are unabashedly self-confident.” — William Pisano. “A Millennial Dilemma.” ere.net (April 23, 2008)

12. U SERS FROMTO

13. C ONTENT FROM Linear Text-oriented Static Invisible Cooperative Owned/Licensed TO Linked Graphic/Multimedia Interactive and Mobile Visible Collective Owned /Licensed/ Open

14. C ONTENT FROMTO

15. T OOLS & S YSTEMS FROM Pull Query-based Highly structured Complex Intermediated Generic TO Push Interactive Fluid Simple Disintermediated Individualized

16. T OOLS & S YSTEMS FROMTO

17. S ERVICES FROM Library-focused Expert In-person Formal Textual TO User-focused Trainer/Learner Mobile Informal Visual

18. S ERVICES FROMTO

19. S PACE FROM Resources-based Individual Access Formal Fixed TO People-based Group Access & Production Relaxed Flexible

20. S PACE FROMTO

21. F ORECAST : C LOUDY Mass digitization e-Everything Personalization Space pressures Budget pressures Services LearningTeaching Research Big Science Open access Data G o o g l e CollaborationCompetition AccessIntegration Interoperation InformationCollections Control systems Fundraising Stewardship Community

22. W HAT ’ S C OMING Less money Fewer [branch] libraries Fewer staff Less heavily staffed libraries Smaller libraries* Smaller locally-held, published print collections* * With a few notable exceptions

23. W HAT ’ S C OMING Centralized and/or Federated published print collections Emphasis on primary [unpublished] research materials, including primary research data Emphasis on full life-cycle resource management Collective action: – Collections management – Collections storage New mandates Increased interdependence

24. “There are diverse and unmet needs... … now arising within the academy … To the extent that libraries and their leaders can reposition themselves to serve these evolving needs—which pertain in part to the centralized storage, description, and delivery of academic resources, and in part to the organization and support of scholarly communication within and across higher education institutions— libraries [and academic library staff] will emerge as even more central and vibrant resources for their institutions.” — “Changing Roles of Academic and Research Libraries” ACRL Tech Summit (November 2006)

25. ... tasks and recurrent challenges will require from librarians [and library staff] of the future such characteristics as flexibility, adaptability to ever-changing environments, multi-disciplined and multi-functional skills, [and] team-working skills...” — Blazej Feret and Marzena Marcinek “N EW [ AND ] DIFFERENT...

26. QUESTIONS?