1. Options for Managing Striped Cucumber Beetle and Bacterial Wilt on Organic Farms Abby Seaman, NYS IPM Program With information from Ruth Hazzard, Meg McGrath, and Mike Hoffmann

2. Bloodnick Farm

3. Blue Heron Farm

4. Porter Farm

5. Slack Hollow Farm

6. Squash Pests Striped cucumber beetle (AUDPC) 26.957.48* Squash bug (AUDPC) 18.6912.91ns Aphids (AUDPC) 8.0412.88ns Powdery mildew (AUDPC) (top leaf surface) 7.6010.15ns Powdery mildew (AUDPC) (bottom leaf surface) 6.4110.45ns OrganicConv.Sig.

7. Striped Cucumber Beetle Parasitism SpeciesManagementEarlyLateAverage Syrrhizus diabrotica Organic16.2 (±8.9) 11.6 (±7.8) 13.9 (±8.5) Conventional4.4 (±6.8) 7.7 (±8.9) 6.2 (±7.8) Celatoria setosa Organic5.1 (±4.8) 5.0 (±6.2) 5.0 (±5.5) Conventional5.5 (±5.9) 2.6 (±5.3) 3.9 (±5.5)

9. Courtesy Michael Hoffmann, Cornell University

11. Striped cucumber beetle life cycle Overwinters as adult in field borders Adults migrate to fields Eggs laid at base of plants - larvae feed on roots Summer adults emerge in early August

13. Courtesy Michael Hoffmann, Cornell University

17. Management Options Transplanting Trap Cropping Row Covers Chemical

18. Attractiveness to beetles varies with crop type and variety Susceptibility to wilt varies with crop type and variety Plants past the five-leaf stage are less susceptible to bacterial wilt

19. Induced Resistance Zhender et al. have found reduced SCB feeding and wilt incidence on plants treated with PGPR BioYield and other approved products may be able to cause induced resistance Do microbially active soils elicit an induced resistance response?

20. Transplanting Reduces direct plant loss from beetle feeding Reduces time plants are in susceptible stage

21. Cost of Transplants vs Direct Seed (winter squash or pumpkins at 2x6 spacing) Direct seeded$260/A Transplanted$1630/A* *@ $0.45/plant to produce and establish

23. http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/recommends/

24. Cucumber Beetle Density, Feeding Injury, and Bacterial Wilt Incidence for Pumpkin, 1999 7 22 b 9 4 3 b 4 4 2 89 a 13 b 8 8

25. Cucumber Beetle Density, Feeding Injury, and Bacterial Wilt Incidence for Pumpkin, 2000 6 98 a 5 3 3 2 58 b 53 b 97 a 3 6 6 on 3 July (%)

26. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Calypso, Dasher II, County Fair (wilt resistant) Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) Eclipse, Saticoy, Athena Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Crimson Sweet Gourd (Cucurbita maxima and C. pepo) Turk's Turban, Pear Bicolored Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) Magic Lantern, Merlin, Howden, Harvest Moon Squash, Summer (Cucurbita pepo) Multipik, Goldbar, Sunray Squash, Winter (Cucurbita pepo and C. moschata) Golden Delicious, Blue Hubbard, Burgess Buttercup, Waltham Butternut, Table Ace Squash, Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) Seneca, Ambassador Cucurbit Crop Types and Cultivars

27. Number Cucumber Beetles/10 Plants, 1999 Winter squash PumpkinGourdWatermelonMuskmelonCucumber Zucchini squash Yellow squash 9 bc 6 cd 20 a 4 de 6 cde 2 e 12 b 5 de

28. Incidence of Bacterial Wilt on 3 Aug 1999 Winter squash PumpkinGourdWatermelonMuskmelonCucumber Zucchini squash Yellow squash 14 c 12 c 48 b 7 c 0 c 68 a 13 c 33 b

29. Winter squash PumpkinGourdWatermelonMuskmelonCucumber Zucchini squash Yellow squash 29 b 26 bc 21 cd 20 d 10 e 15 de 39 a 20 d Number Cucumber Beetles/10 Plants, 2000

30. Incidence of Bacterial Wilt on 2 Aug 2000 Winter squash PumpkinGourdWatermelonMuskmelonCucumber Zucchini squash Yellow squash 11 d 40 bc 50 b 12 d 6 d 97 a 32 c 38 bc

35. Trap Cropping Choose attractive, wilt tolerant variety for trap crop Surround entire planting, two rows are better than one Arrange main crop such that attractive or susceptible varieties are surrounded by less attractive/susceptible Reduce attractiveness of main crop –Surround, BioYield

36. Trap Cropping Reducing second generation beetle production in trap crop –Disc up? –Apply nematodes to roots? Steinernema riobravis (Ellers-Kirk et al., PA) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain GPS-11 (Miller and Welty, OH) –Nothing?

37. Costs for Trap Cropping To produce and establish transplants –One row - $185 for a square 1A field –Two rows - $370 Plus any cost of managing beetles on trap crop

39. Row Cover Must be removed at flowering Provides excellent control plus growth enhancement But: Interferes with cultivation Cost: ~ $415/A hoop system ~ $435/A entire field system

41. Insecticide Options Per application - cost of materials only Pyganic 5.0 @4.5-18 oz/A - $23.75-95.00/A Reliable kill or just knockdown? Surround @ 6.25-25 lb./A - $6.25-25.00/A Greatly reduced if transplants treated in flats

42. Surround-treated transplants

43. Scouting and Thresholds? Twice weekly scouting during invasion season, keep an eye on maturing fruit later Depends on crop susceptibility to wilt and reliability of control (0.5-2 beetles/plant) Current approved insecticides do not provide reliable control Relying on insecticides alone will not work for organic farmers Integrate a variety of approaches.