1. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence for Bradley University – CS 521 Anthony (Tony) J. Grichnik Visiting Scientist to Bradley University Caterpillar Inc. Anthony (Tony) J. Grichnik Visiting Scientist to Bradley University Caterpillar Inc.

2. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved Outline Introduction: The Clans of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Logical – Be the Expert Statistical – Would you like to play a game? Biological – Solutions…naturally The Future – Hybrids and more Introduction: The Clans of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Logical – Be the Expert Statistical – Would you like to play a game? Biological – Solutions…naturally The Future – Hybrids and more

3. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved Anatomy of an Expert System Framework How would you describe the problem? Is there a metaphor you can use? (“This is like >…”) Attributes What are the key elements of the problem? What do you need to know to make a good decision? States / Variable Types Continuous – Can take on any value, like a decimal number Ordinal – Has order but is not continuous, like “low, medium, high.” Often a good way to reduce the complexity of a continuous variable. Categorical – Does not have an implied order, like “apple, orange, banana” A very common mistake is to incorrectly represent a categorical variable as an ordinal variable! Boolean – True / false as in most programming languages. Framework How would you describe the problem? Is there a metaphor you can use? (“This is like >…”) Attributes What are the key elements of the problem? What do you need to know to make a good decision? States / Variable Types Continuous – Can take on any value, like a decimal number Ordinal – Has order but is not continuous, like “low, medium, high.” Often a good way to reduce the complexity of a continuous variable. Categorical – Does not have an implied order, like “apple, orange, banana” A very common mistake is to incorrectly represent a categorical variable as an ordinal variable! Boolean – True / false as in most programming languages.

4. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved Anatomy of an Expert System – Continued Keys to Success 1.Before doing anything, if you’re going to make an expert system… …find good experts!!!! 2.Begin with the end in mind. Completion and maintenance depends on managing complexity. Complexity = a n a = quantization of the attributes n = number of attributes in the system

5. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved Anatomy of an Expert System – Continued Pop Quiz! 1.Which will get you into trouble faster? 1.Having too many attributes? 2.Having too many levels per attribute? 1.Which will get you into trouble faster? 1.Having too many attributes? 2.Having too many levels per attribute? Complexity = a n a = quantization of the attributes n = number of attributes in the system

6. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved Anatomy of an Expert System – Continued Pop Quiz! Complexity = a n a = quantization of the attributes n = number of attributes in the system 2.Of the four variable types, which one is to be avoided whenever possible in an expert system? 1.Continuous 2.Ordinal 3.Categorical 4.Boolean 2.Of the four variable types, which one is to be avoided whenever possible in an expert system? 1.Continuous 2.Ordinal 3.Categorical 4.Boolean

7. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved Your Assignment Build an expert system. Question: What are you an expert at? Answer: Pizza? Build an expert system. Question: What are you an expert at? Answer: Pizza? Let’s call it….PizzaExpert!

8. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved PizzaExpert Requirements Goal: Help your fellow students order the perfect pizza for their needs from Peoria-area pizzerias. Measure of success – You’ll be graded on: Number of pizza places represented Number of attributes considered Ease of use …but most of all…is it really an expert?! Goal: Help your fellow students order the perfect pizza for their needs from Peoria-area pizzerias. Measure of success – You’ll be graded on: Number of pizza places represented Number of attributes considered Ease of use …but most of all…is it really an expert?!

9. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved Getting started on PizzaExpert First question: how can we gain expertise? Where to find the pizzerias? Use the Peoria phone directory yellow pages, look under pizza. How to know if they’re any good? Ask someone! (Or order a pizza…8) Be sure to ask for a menu! Next, what framework is appropriate? What should the end solution feel like? When you go to a restaurant, the first thing you do is look at the ______. A) Menu! So our “framework” could be “like an intelligent menu.” Can you think of a website with an “intelligent” pizza menu? First question: how can we gain expertise? Where to find the pizzerias? Use the Peoria phone directory yellow pages, look under pizza. How to know if they’re any good? Ask someone! (Or order a pizza…8) Be sure to ask for a menu! Next, what framework is appropriate? What should the end solution feel like? When you go to a restaurant, the first thing you do is look at the ______. A) Menu! So our “framework” could be “like an intelligent menu.” Can you think of a website with an “intelligent” pizza menu?

10. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved PizzaExpert Attributes Third, what attributes should we consider? Let’s brainstorm: About the pizza itself Sizes Type of crust Type of sauce Toppings available About the pizza experience Eat in, delivery or both? Do they deliver to the Bradley campus or area? What other extras do they have? (Drinks, side dishes, dessert?) What else can you think of? I left one out on purpose… Third, what attributes should we consider? Let’s brainstorm: About the pizza itself Sizes Type of crust Type of sauce Toppings available About the pizza experience Eat in, delivery or both? Do they deliver to the Bradley campus or area? What other extras do they have? (Drinks, side dishes, dessert?) What else can you think of? I left one out on purpose…

11. Copyright 2006, Tony Grichnik ~ All Rights Reserved PizzaExpert – Writing Rules One more hint…what decision comes first when you think about pizza? That should probably be the first rule you apply. What’s the first question most pizza places ask when you call? (Other than “can you please hold?” Doesn’t that drive you crazy!) One more hint…what decision comes first when you think about pizza? That should probably be the first rule you apply. What’s the first question most pizza places ask when you call? (Other than “can you please hold?” Doesn’t that drive you crazy!) Smilie’s Pizza

12. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence for Bradley University – CS 521 Anthony (Tony) J. Grichnik Visiting Scientist to Bradley University Caterpillar Inc. Anthony (Tony) J. Grichnik Visiting Scientist to Bradley University Caterpillar Inc.