1. The Working Cell

2. Energy Living cells use energy All life is dependant on energy conversions Energy = capacity to do work Kinetic energy Potential energy

3. Laws of Thermodynamics Sir Isaac Newton First Law –The total amount of energy in the universe is constant Second Law –Energy conversions decrease the order of the universe

4. Chemical Reactions 1 Endergonic reactions –Require a net input of energy Reactants + Energy Products Low Potential energy High Potential energy energy (E) input = E products – E reactants Ex. Photosynthesis CO2 + H2OSugar molecules Energy (sunlight)

5. Chemical Reactions 2 Exergonic reactions –Require a net input of energy Reactants Energy + Products Low Potential energy High Potential energy energy (E) output = E reactants – E products Ex. Wood burning CO 2 + H 2 O + energySugar molecules heat

6. Cellular Respiration Mechanism by which cells liberate energy from glucose breakdown Many steps –Energy must be used to create ATP –ATP powers cellular metabolism

7. ATP Powers metabolic reactions Parts –Adenine (nitrogenous base) –Ribose (5 carbon sugar) –3 phosphate chain Stores energy liberated from sugars by exergonic reactions

8. ATP

9. Enzymes What – catalysts How – lower energy of activation

10. Enzymes What – catalysts How – lower energy of activation Enzyme specificity

11. Enzymes What – catalysts How – lower energy of activation Enzyme specificity Affects of environment Inhibitors

12. Membranes Organize cell activities Separate cells from the environment Control passage of molecules –Selective permiability Partition organelles (Eukaryotes) Provide reaction surfaces

13. Membrane Structure

14. Plasma Membrane Pic

15. Intramembranous Structures

16. Membrane Transport Diffusion Faciliated Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport Exocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis

17. Diffusion

18. Facilitated Diffusion

19. Osmosis

20. Cells in Soln.s

21. Active Transport

22. Exocytosis

23. Phagocytosis

24. Phagocytosis pic

25. Pinocytosis

26. Pinocytosis Pic

27. Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

28. Receptor Mediated Pic