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Lecture 112/9/07
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1. Mix 0.2 L of 0.3 M Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and 0.2 L of 0.06 M NaF. Does a precipitate form? K sp (CaF 2 ) = 3.9 x 10 -11 2. Write the balanced equation for formation and the equilibrium expression for the complex: [Cd(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ Quiz 4
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids Proton donor (H + or H 3 O + ) Acidic vs. non-acidic protons Bronsted-Lowry Bases Proton acceptor
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Acids Strong HCl HBr HI HClO 3 HClO 4 HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 Weak All other acids R-COOH HCl → H + + Cl - Concentration of H + if you add 0.5 M HCl? HF ⇄ H + + F - Concentration of H + if you add 0.5 M HF?
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Bases Strong LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ba(OH) 2 Sr(OH) 2 O 2- H - N 3- Weak Conjugate bases NH 3 R-NH 2
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Oxide (O 2- : CaO, Na 2 O) O 2- (aq) + H 2 O → 2 OH - (aq) Hydride (H - : NaH) H - (aq) + H 2 O → H 2 (aq) + OH - (aq) Nitride (N 3- : Na 3 N) N 3- (aq) + 3H 2 O → NH 3 (aq) + 3OH - (aq)
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Amphoteric (Amphiprotic)
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pH What is it? How do you measure it?
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pH of some common substances pH Bleach12.5 Baking soda8.4 Egg White7.7 Milk6.8 Unpolluted rain5.6 Coffee4.9 Soda2.9 Stomach acid1.2
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Autoionization of Water What is it? What is the definition of: Neutral solutions? Acidic solutions? Basic solutions?
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T (°C)KwKw 100.29 x 10 -14 150.45 x 10 -14 200.68 x 10 -14 251.01 x 10 -14 301.47 x 10 -14 505.48 x 10 -14
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pH vs. pOH
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Degree of ionization
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