1. Anthropological Fieldwork

2. Fieldwork & Methods Preparation for the Field
Adapting to the Field Situation
Establishing a Role
Developing Rapport
Methods & Techniques of Data Gathering

3. What Preparations Must Be Made?
Define a Research Problem
Select a Research Location
Learn the Language
Read Relevant Literature
Seek Advice
Write a Research Proposal
Get Government Permission
Take Medical Precautions
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4. Adapting – 4 Phases What About Going Native? Honeymoon Phase
Anthropologist as “Exotic Outsider”
Critical Period
Anthropologist as “Tolerated Stranger”
Initial Recovery
Anthropologist as “Town Clown”
Adjustment
Anthropologist as “Marginal Native”
What About Going Native?

5. …always a 5th wheel

6. Culture Shock Bronislaw Malinowski Hortense Powdermaker
Napoleon Chagnon

7. Jean Briggs – Kapluna Daughter

8. Napoleon Chagnon -- Yanomamo

9. Exoticizing the Cultural “Other”

10. First Fieldwork i

11. Entry

12. Culture Shock

13. Life Shock

14. Establishing a Role

15. Living With a Family

16. Developing Trust & Rapport
Lack of understanding on what an anthropologist is
Missionary? CIA agent?
Chance events
Getting beneath the surface
Factions

17. Methods & Techniques for Data Gathering
Participant Observation
Key Informants
Collecting Data
Interpretation
Ethics

18. Participant Observation
…the Hallmark of Anthropology

19. Participation: Observation: Etic: Emic:
Involvement / immersion; subjective
Observation:
Detachment; objective
Etic:
Outsider’s understanding
Emic:
Insider’s understanding

20. Key Informants

21. Analytic Informants

23. Immersed Informants

24. Collecting Data Census & Mapping Interviews
Eliciting Texts: Oral Histories, Folklore, Myths
Genealogies / Kinship
Photography
Field Notes

25. Mapping, Census & Sampling
Ocotillo, Colima
A small village

26. Puruarán, Mich.
A large town
1998-
present

29. Interviewing

30. Genealogies

31. Field Notes

34. Interpretation

35. Pastores

36. Issues of Validity & Reliability
“Truth” & the mutual construction of knowledge
Reliability:
Robert Redfield vs. Oscar Lewis
Margaret Mead vs. Derrick Freeman
Napoleon Chagnon vs. Patrick Tierney
Rigoberta Menchú vs. David Stoll

37. AAA Principles of Professional Responsibility
Responsibility to Those Studied:
Rights & interests must be safeguarded
Communicate Aims of the investigation
Right to remain anonymous
No exploitation of informants for personal gain
Reflect on foreseeable repercussions of research & publication
Communicate Anticipated consequences
Reports to sponsors must also be available to those studied
Cooperate with the host community in planning & execution of the research

38. Responsibility to the Public Responsibility to the Discipline
Speak out publicly about research results
Responsibility to the Discipline
Behavior should not jeopardize future research
Responsibility to Students
Make students aware of ethical problems
Responsibility to Sponsors
Honest about qualifications and aims; accept no conditions that violate the ethical principles
Responsibility to Own & Host Government
Research should not compromise future research