1. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
Bentley & Ziegler, TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS, 2/e
Chapter Thirty:
Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World

2. Today’s Big Questions
From where did the ideas behind the great revolutions of the 18th century come?
What were the similarities? What were the differences between these revolutions?
What were the consequences of these revolutions?

3. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval
Enlightened and Revolutionary Ideas
Popular Sovereignty (Hobbes)
Individual Freedom (Locke)
Political and Legal Equality (Rousseau)
Global Influence of Enlightenment Values

4. Crane Brinton, The Anatomy of a Revolution
Every revolution begins with the problems of the Old Regime
1st stage = increasing dissatisfaction with the Old regime, spontaneous acts of protest and violence, overthrow
2nd stage = honeymoon with moderate new government
3rd stage = takeover of the extremists, loss of individualism, the government becomes violent and excessive
4th stage = reestablishment of some sort of equilibrium, rights, etc., usually under a “strongman”

5. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval
The American Revolution
Tightened British Control of the Colonies
The Declaration of Independence
Building an Independent State

6. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval
The French Revolution
The Estates General
The National Assembly
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
The Convention
The Directory

7. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval
The Reign of Napoleon
Napoleonic France
Napoleon’s Empire
The Fall of Napoleon

8. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
The Influence of Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
Saint-Domingue Society
Slave Revolt
Toussaint Louverture
The Republic of Haiti

9. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
The Influence of Revolution
Wars of Independence in Latin America
Latin American Society
Mexican Independence
Simón Bolívar
Brazilian Independence

10. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
The Influence of Revolution
The Emergence of Ideologies: Conservatism and Liberalism
Edmund Burke and Conservatism
John Stuart Mill and Liberalism

11. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
The Influence of Revolution
Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Slavery
Movements to End the Slave Trade
Movements to Abolish Slavery
Freedom without Equality

12. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
The Influence of Revolution
Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Women’s Rights
Enlightenment Ideals and Women
Women and Revolution
Women’s Rights Movements

13. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
The Consolidation of National States in Europe
Nations and Nationalism
Cultural Nationalism

14. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
The Consolidation of National States in Europe
Nations and Nationalism
Cultural Nationalism
Political Nationalism
Nationalism and Anti-Semitism
Zionism

15. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
The Consolidation of National States in Europe
The Unification of Italy and Germany
Cavour and Garibaldi
Otto Von Bismarck

17. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
Sources From The Past:
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
“Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on common utility.”
- The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

18. Chapter Thirty: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
Sources From The Past:
The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
“Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights. Social distinctions can be based only on the common utility.”
- The Declaration of Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen

19. Today’s Big Questions
The revolutions were to a large extent revolutions of both ideas and circumstance. However, the ideas were an extension of enlightenment thought
The revolutions were NOT the same; indeed, one might question whether the revolution in the America’s was even that
The impact of the revolutions were multiple. (a) In the countries in which they occurred, they conditioned politics for many years to come. (b) Externally, they bequeathed the notion of nationalism. (c) the revolutionary era also witnessed the birth of modern ideologies – conservatism and liberalism

20. The End