1. CHOLERA Kate Ferriola-Bruckenstein

2. Cholera is an acute infection of the small intestine

3. Extreme dehydration

4. Cholera is an acute infection of the small intestine Extreme dehydration 100,000-120,000 deaths per year

5. The cause of cholera was identified by Robert Koch in 1883 Vibrio cholerae

6. We have known about the disease for almost 200 years India-1817

7. Cholera is spread by ingestion of contaminated food or water

8. Because of modern sanitation and treatment of drinking water it’s not an issue in the developed world

9. However, cholera remains an issue for much of the developing world

10. Cholera lives in the intestine, not inside its cells, and its toxin is the problem Bacterium secrete Cholera Toxin CT binds to and is endocytosed into host intestinal epithelial cells

11. CT causes adenylate cyclase to continually produce the signaling molecule cAMP

12. high cAMP levels repeatedly activate a pump in the plasma membrane This causes…

13. Cells pump out chloride and sodium ions, water and electrolytes This causes diarrhea, loss of electrolytes, and dehydration

14. 75% of those infected do not develop any symptoms

15. Of the other 25%... – 20% get life-threatening symptoms

16. Cholera is easily treated in many parts of the world

17. – <1% death rate with proper treatment Rehydration Is the key!

18. Cholera antibiotics and vaccines are not commonly recommended resistance low efficacy

19. The problem is getting care to underdeveloped nations with limited resources

20. Prevention is easy in the developed world

21. Prevention is more difficult in parts of the developing world

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