1. Week Ten: Implementation Issues in Middle and High Schools April 17, 2007 A-117: Implementing Inclusive Education Harvard Graduate School of Education Dr. Thomas Hehir

2. Issues Common in Elem. Schools  Stigma  Intervention decisions  Accommodation decisions  Teacher contact issue can be even more of a problem

3. Issues Unique to High School (Issues may also occur in middle schools with a high-school type structure)  Traditional seven 45-minute periods  Limited time to differentiate  Four year expectation  Tracking and curricula  “Cultural” issues- more subject oriented  Student issues more autonomous drop out differing goals movement to adulthood

4. Think of a student with a significant emotional disturbance, drug and alcohol issues, and fifth grade skills. What would the challenges be in a traditional high school structure? What would special education be apt to look like?

5. Leone & McLaughlin The Purpose of Schooling:  Cultural transmission v. romantic, progressive ideologies of schooling  Intervention and accommodations  Fragmentation of service delivery Need for:  Outcome driven systems  System linked services  Family responsive services

6. Elements of Reform 1.Beliefs (Jorgensen)  More than transmit information  All have value  Diversity embraced  Students are supported 2. How instruction is delivered (unit approach from Jorgensen, p. 75) A central unit or problem An opening grabber or motivator Lessons that are linked to the central issue or problem Richly detailed source material Culminating projects Varied lesson plans Multiple assessments Varied modes of student expression

7. Elements of Reform – Continued 3. School-wide behavior approaches (Sugai & Ebert) (Martha Wally visiting)

8. 4. Structural (Jorgensen, Chapter 4) Common planning time Time and learning Tracking and heterogeneous grouping Interdisciplinary teaching opportunities 5. Self-determination 6. Community Supports 7. Strong emphasis on transition How does Jorgensen’s view differ from that of Brown? Elements of Reform – Continued

9.  Groups 1 & 5: You are the principal of the school in question. How would you handle this situation?  Groups 2 & 6: You are a teacher at the school in question. How would you handle this situation with your students?  Groups 3 & 7: You are the special education director for the district. What could you have done to prevent this or similar incidents from happening?  Groups 4 & 8: You are an advocate for students with disabilities. You receive a call from a reporter; she wants your reaction to the incident and asks you if this is a failure of inclusion. How do you respond? Case Study Prompts