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Euryarchaea S metabolizing –Thermococcus Sulfate reducer –Or heterotroph –Archaeoglobus –F420 Thermoplasma –Acidophiles (pH0.8) –Coal refuse piles –Wall-less (like??) –Methanogen ancestry Halophiles methanogens
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Halophiles “red herring” = Halobacterium 2M NaCl, at least! Internal salt = external –Compatible solutes –K+ Shapes vary- can be odd shapes like squares Facultative aerobes As anaerobes, photochemotrophic Bacteriorhodopsin=light driven proton pump
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Bacteriorhodopsin Retinal-vitamin A Proteorhodopsin
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Methanogens
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Make CH 4 from CO 2 (some CO, formate, acetate methylamines) F 420, unique enzymes and cofactors Oxygen sensitive Found in soils, animal guts, landfills, oil deposits, hydrothermal vents Syntrophy Hydrogen and early energy sources
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Thermoplasma acidophilum
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Methanopyrus kandleri
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DeLong et al. (2006) Proteorhodopsin lateral gene transfer between marine planktonic Bacteria and Archaea. Nature 439:847-850
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Crenarchaea Sulfur reduction Sulfur respiration Sulfur oxidation Thermoproteus Sulfolobus COLD Crenarchaea
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Korarchaeota First found using DNA- based techniques Yellowstone Now also Russia, Iceland, NZ (?) What do they do?
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Nanoarchaeum
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