1. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher University of Leipzig maicher@informatik.uni-leipzig.de boettcher@informatik.uni-leipzig.de

2. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 2Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Agenda Idea - Examples - Definition „Semantic Gap“ - Basic Solution Realisation - Basic Realisation - Data- and Processing Model - Workflow example Implementation - OWL Example Outlook

3. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 3Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Created in background: Model which represents in Dublin Core Terms, that Lutz Maicher is the creator of the content of www.tmra.de

4. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 4Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Idea

5. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 5Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher OWL Example Creation Use Cases User Roles Use (Instantiation) Comprehensive Ontologies Need of a use case or role specific view Only application dependent support Creation of an Ontology for employees. Roles: Secretary, Manager, HR Use Cases: „new employee“, „getting information“, „changing salary“ Use of an Ontology for employees. Roles: Secretary Use Cases: „new employee“ Problems:What needs to be added? Where to get the information? How can this Information be preserved? How can these Problems be solved?

6. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 6Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher (Autonomous) Topic Maps Example dc:creator Lutz Maicher dc:subject Topic Maps www.tmra.de dc:contributor L.M. Garshol dc:subject Topic Maps www.isotopicmaps.org dc:creator Lutz Maicher dc:subject Topic Maps www.uni-leipzig.de/~maicher dc:creator Lutz Maicher dc:subject Topic Maps www.tmra.de dc:contributor L.M. Garshol www.isotopicmaps.org www.uni-leipzig.de/~maicher Modelling method has to be broadcasted.

7. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 7Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Semantic Gap The usage of one ontology allows the creation of various independent model types, due to the interpretation spaces left by providing only the vocabulary.

8. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 8Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Workflows for Representing Modelling Methods Closing the semantic gap means to define the intensions of each model type by the description of the modelling method to apply. A modelling method is a workflow which describes how observation of subjects should be documented with the given ontology.

9. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 9Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Realisation

10. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 10Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Basic Realisation Design rationales of Modelling Workflow Patterns: Workflow basedGrounding on Petri nets Self containednessGeneric representation Proprietary workflow representation Petri net Data Model Petri net Processing Model Generic Interpreter Mapping Topic Maps Syntax OWL Syntax

11. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 11Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Data- and Processing Model Petri net Data Model The Petri net data model (PNDM) is derived from the formal specification of Petri nets. Petri net Processing Model The constraints how the Interpreter has to process these Petri Nets are defined by the Petri net Processing Model (PNPM). The PNDM and PNPM allow to properly represent any kind of Petri Nets with these syntaxes, including MWPs. Specification of PNDM and MWP PNPM available at: http://www.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/~maicher/mwp/mwp.htm

12. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 12Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Example of a workflow Roles: Secretary Use Cases: „ add a new employee“ Operator: hum.quest. Operand: „Ask for the name!“ Operator: ont.reques t Operand: „Employee exists?“ Operator: hum.inf. Operand: „Employee exists!“ Operator: ont.updat e Operand: „Insert employee “ Operator: hum.bin.req. Operand: „Is there a new employee?“ yes no Operator: hum.bin.re q. Operand: „Add the employee? “ yes no

13. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 13Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Representation of the example workflow as Petri net [id] id1 [operator] s:human_string [operand] What is the employee‘s name? [id] id3 [operator] s:human_binaryDecision [operand] Shall the employee be added? [id] id4 [operator] s:human_information [operand] Employee already exist. using s for http://psi.semports.org/MWP# [id] id2 [operator] s:SPARQL_binary [operand] SELECT ?person WHERE {?person rdfs:type db:Person. ?person db:name %result.id1%} [id] t3r42 [characteristic] {([key] result.id1 [value] Smith)} [ id] t3r42 [characteristic] {[key] result.id1 [value] Smith), ([key] result.id2 [value] s:TRUE)}] conditions: null conditions: %id2.value% = s:TRUE conditions: %id2.value% = s:FALSE conditions: null

14. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 14Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Implementation

15. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 15Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Implementation (MWP Factory) Editor (Protégé Plug-In)

16. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 16Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher OWL Example – Complexity of Ontologies

17. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 17Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher OWL Example – Protégé plug-in for MWP

18. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 18Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher OWL Example – MWP Factory

19. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 19Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Outlook

20. Institut für Informatik Closing the Semantic Gaps in Topic Maps and OWL ontologies with Modelling Workflow Patterns 20Lutz Maicher, Martin Böttcher Outlook Validation –validation of workflow definitions –ex-ante validation of the models to be created (based on the workflow definition) Workflow Patterns –representing common tasks in plugable workflow patterns Interpreter for different usage contexts –small footprint, web-based, mobile environments