1. 1 Software Testing and Quality Assurance Lecture 23 – JUnit Tutorial

2. 2 Lecture Outline Get familiar with a software testing tool (JUnit).

3. 3 Assert Assert within a test: Call the method being tested and get the actual result. assert what the correct result should be with one of the provided assert methods. These steps can be repeated as many times as necessary.

4. 4 JUnit assert methods static void assertTrue(boolean test) static void assertTrue(String message, boolean test) Throws an AssertionFailedError if the test fails (the optional message is included in the Error) static void assertFalse(boolean test) static void assertFalse(String message, boolean test) Throws an AssertionFailedError if the test fails. assertEquals(expected, actual) assertEquals(String message, expected, actual) For objects, uses your equals method, if you have defined it properly, as public boolean equals(Object o)--otherwise it uses ==

5. 5 JUnit assert methods (cont...) assertSame(Object expected, Object actual) assertSame(String message, Object expected, Object actual) Asserts that two objects refer to the same object (using ==). assertNotSame(Object expected, Object actual) assertNotSame(String message, Object expected, Object actual) Asserts that two objects do not refer to the same object.

6. 6 JUnit assert methods (cont...) assertNull(Object object) assertNull(String message, Object object) Asserts that the object is null. assertNotNull(Object object) assertNotNull(String message, Object object) Asserts that the object is not null. fail() fail(String message) Causes the test to fail and throw an AssertionFailedError Useful as a result of a complex test, when the other assert methods aren’t quite what you want.

7. 7 When to use an assert statement Use assertTrue to document a condition that you “know” to be true. Use assertFalse ; in code that you “know” cannot be reached (such as a default case in a switch statement).

8. 8 Example: Counter class We will create and test a trivial “counter” class: The constructor will create a counter and set it to zero. The increment method will add one to the counter and return the new value. The decrement method will subtract one from the counter and return the new value. We write the test methods before we write the code. Don’t be alarmed if, in this simple example, the JUnit tests are more code than the class itself.

9. 9 Example: JUnit tests for Counter class (cont...) public class CounterTest extends junit.framework.TestCase { Counter counter1; public CounterTest() { } // default constructor protected void setUp() { // creates a (simple) test fixture counter1 = new Counter(); } protected void tearDown() { } // no resources to release public void testIncrement() { assertTrue(counter1.increment() == 1); assertTrue(counter1.increment() == 2); } public void testDecrement() { assertTrue(counter1.decrement() == -1); } } Note that each test begins with a brand new counter This means you don’t have to worry about the order in which the tests are run

10. 10 Example: The Counter class itself (cont...)  public class Counter { int count = 0; public int increment() { return ++count; } public int decrement() { return --count; } public int getCount() { return count; }  } Is JUnit testing overkill for this little class? The Extreme Programming view is: If it isn’t tested, assume it doesn’t work You are not likely to have many classes this trivial in a real program, so writing JUnit tests for those few trivial classes is no big deal Often even XP programmers don’t bother writing tests for simple getter methods such as getCount () We only used assertTrue in this example, but there are additional assert methods

11. 11 Test suites Obviously you have to test your code to get it working in the first place: You can do ad hoc testing (running whatever tests occur to you at the moment). You can build a test suite (a thorough set of tests that can be run at any time).

12. 12 Test suites: advantages and disadvantages Disadvantages of a test suite: It’s a lot of extra programming: This is true, but use of a good test framework can help quite a bit. You don’t have time to do all that extra work: False--Experiments repeatedly show that test suites reduce debugging time more than the amount spent building the test suite. Advantages of a test suite: Reduces total number of bugs in delivered code.

13. 13 TestRunners: text Text: Lightweight, quick quiet. Run from command line. java StringTest....... Time: 0.05 Tests run: 7, Failures: 0, Errors: 0

14. 14 TestRunners: swing Run with java junit.swingui.TestRunner.

15. 15 Example: point class public class Point { private int x, y; public Point(int x, int y){ this.x = x; this.y = y;} public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; } public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; } public int getX() { return x; } public int getY() { return y; } }

16. 16 Example (cont...): point test without using JUnit public class PointTestNoJunit { public static void main(String [] args) { testSetX(new Point(10, 20), 0); testSetX(new Point(10, 20), 1); testSetX(new Point(10, 20), 30); } private static void testSetX(Point p, int x) { System.out.print("Before: " + toString(p) + ";"); p.setX(x); System.out.println(" After setX(" + x + "): " + toString(p)); } private static String toString(Point p) { return " "; }

17. 17 Example (cont...): point test without using JUnit — output Before: ; After setX(0): Before: ; After setX(1): Before: ; After setX(30): Before: ; After setY(0): Before: ; After setY(1): Before: ; After setY(30):

18. 18 Example (cont...): point test using JUnit import junit.framework.*; /** A JUnit test class to test the class Point. */ public class PointTest extends TestCase { /** Tests constructor. */ public void testPoint() { Point p = new Point(10,20); assertEquals(10, p.getX()); assertEquals(20, p.getY()); } /** Tests setX */ public void testSetX() { Point p = new Point(10, 20); p.setX(30); assertEquals(30, p.getX()); assertEquals(20, p.getY()); } //other test methods, e.g., for setY(), getX(), and getY(). // cont…

19. 19 Example (cont...): point test suite using JUnit /** Returns the test suite for this test class. */ public static Test suite() { return new TestSuite(PointTest.class); } /** Run the tests. */ public static void main(String[] args) { junit.textui.TestRunner.run(suite()); // junit.swingui.TestRunner.run(suite()); }

20. 20 Example (cont...): point test using JUnit — output C:/> javac Point.java PointTest.java C:/> java PointTest...F..... Time: 0.016 There was 1 failure: testSetX1(PointTest)junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: expected: but was: at PointTest.testSetX1(PointTest.java:58) … at PointTest.main(PointTest.java:17) FAILURES!!! Tests run: 8, Failures: 1, Errors: 0

21. 21 Example (cont...): point test using JUnit —Test Fixture public class PointTest extends TestCase { private Point p; // test fixture variable public void setUp() { // initializes text fixture variables p = new Point(10, 10); } public void tearDown() { }//clean up text fixture variables public void testSetX() { // tests SetX p.setX(20); assertEquals(20, p.getX()); } public void testSetY() { // tests SetY p.setY(30); assertEquals(30, p.getY()); } // template and other test methods here… }

22. 22 JUnit Testing Tips Code a little, test a little, code a little, test a little... Run your tests as often as possible, at least as often as you run the compiler. Begin by writing tests for the areas of the code that you’re the most worried about...write tests that have the highest possible return on your testing investment.

23. 23 JUnit Testing tips When you need to add new functionality to the system, write the tests first. If you find yourself debugging using System.out.println(), write a test case instead. When a bug is reported, write a test case to expose the bug. Don’t deliver code that doesn’t pass all the tests. Separate production and test code: But typically in the same packages.