1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Atmospheric Infrared Sounder 1 Remote Sensing of CO 2 in the Upper Troposphere by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 12/10/2007 Xun Jiang, Moustafa T. Chahine, Qinbin Li, Edward T. Olsen, Luke Chen, M. Liang, R. Shia and Yuk Yung (focus on high-latitude)

2. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Atmospheric Infrared Sounder 2 Overview  Motivation  Validation of AIRS CO 2  Stratospheric Sudden Warming: Influence on CO 2 and O 3

3. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Atmospheric Infrared Sounder 3 Motivation  Improve the understanding of the global warming, large- scale dynamics and stratosphere-troposphere interactions  Offer a unique opportunity to validate and improve the vertical transport in the models

4. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Atmospheric Infrared Sounder 4 Data  AIRS CO 2 and O 3  Aircraft Data of CO 2 from Matsueda et al. [2002], Climate Monitoring & Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), and SPURT Aircraft [Hoor et al., 2004]  Ozonesonde data from World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data (WOUDC)

5. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Atmospheric Infrared Sounder 5 Comparison Between AIRS CO 2 with Matsueda Aircraft Data CO 2 retrieved by Vanishing Partial Derivatives (VPD) M. Chahine, C. Barnet, E.T. Olsen, L. Chen, and E. Maddy [2005, GRL] SD: -1.14 ± 1.44 ppmv

6. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Atmospheric Infrared Sounder 6 Comparison Between AIRS CO 2 with Aircraft Data in High Latitude Dots: Aircraft CO 2 weighted by AIRS weighting function Contour: NCEP2 GPH at 500 hPa; Vector: NCEP2 wind vector at 500 hPa Courtesy of Peter Hoor for SPURT CO 2 [Hoor et al., 2004] and Dr. Michada for CO 2 at 55N, 83E

7. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Atmospheric Infrared Sounder 7 Comparison Between AIRS CO 2 with SPURT Aircraft Data SD: -0.9 ± 1.33 ppmv Dots: Aircraft CO 2 weighted by AIRS weighting function Contour: NCEP2 GPH at 500 hPa; Vector: NCEP2 wind vector at 500 hPa

8. Version 5 VPD AIRS CO 2 ● Matsueda CO 2 aircraft data ● CMDL CO 2 aircraft data ● Michada CO 2 aircraft data ● SPURT CO 2 aircraft data —— Version 5 AIRS CO 2 —— Count of Clusters —— CJCTM 2D (CMDL BC) —— GEOS-Chem 3D (CMDL BC) —— GEOS-Chem 3D (Source/Sink) —— MOZART2 (CMDL BC)

9. Version 5 VPD AIRS O 3 ● Ozonesonde Data —— Version 5 AIRS O 3 —— Count of Clusters —— CJCTM 2D —— GEOS-Chem 3D —— J. Logan O 3 Climatology

10. Stratospheric Sudden Warming  Strongest dynamical coupling in the stratosphere-troposphere system  It has important influence on the chemical tracers  Stratospheric Major Warming: averaged 60-80ºN zonal mean winds and 60ºN zonal mean wind reverse sign [Decrease of vortex area; Less downwelling in the polar region]

11. Influence of Sudden Stratospheric Warming on CO 2 and O3 AIRS- April 2003 AIRS retrieved upper tropospheric CO 2 increases while AIRS 300 mb O 3 decreases following a sudden stratospheric warming event 40 ppbv —— AIRS Retrieved CO 2 —— AIRS Retrieved O 3 —— Zonal Wind at 60N-80N - - - AIRS Temperature at 50N-90N April 1 April 30

12. 40 ppbv - - - Model CO 2 - - - Model O 3 April 1 April 30 Influence of Sudden Stratospheric Warming on CO 2 and O3 AIRS- April 2003 AIRS retrieved upper tropospheric CO 2 increases while AIRS 300 mb O 3 decreases following a sudden stratospheric warming event —— AIRS Retrieved CO 2 —— AIRS Retrieved O 3 —— Zonal Wind at 60N-80N - - - AIRS Temperature at 50N-90N

13. Before SSW After SSW CO2 O3 Contour: NCEP2 GPH at 500 hPa

14. AIRS CO 2 (Apr 2003) AIRS O 3 (Apr 2003)

15. Conclusions  With AIRS, we monitor the distribution and transport of global CO 2 on a weekly basis for the first time.  The latitudinal distribution of AIRS retrievals of upper tropospheric CO 2 agrees reasonably well with in situ aircraft observations of CO 2 and model simulations.  AIRS retrieved upper tropospheric CO 2 increases while AIRS 300 mb O 3 decreases following a sudden stratospheric warming event. Before SSW After SSW