1. Artificial Stupidity Paul Taylor 2010

2. Artificial Intelligence

3. Artificial Fake!

4. Intelligence Latin: intelligere:- ‘to understand’ There are two general meanings derived from this, one by the APA, and a second by a group of intelligence researchers

5. APA “Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought.” Source: Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns, 1996, AP, February

6. Mainstream Science on Intelligence “A very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings—"catching on", "making sense" of things, or "figuring out" what to do” Source: Wall Street Journal, December, 1994

7. What is the essence of these statements? APA: “Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought.” Int Sci: “A very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings—"catching on", "making sense" of things, or "figuring out" what to do”

8. The Difference Engine 1822, Charles Babbage It was a Polynomial Calculator See LBP version http://www.meccano.us/difference_engines/rde_1/DEFront.jpg

9. 1837 The Analytical Engine Effectively would have been a mechanical computer Babbage worked on it till he died in 1871 Work was abandoned in 1878

10. 1950 The Turing Test

11. 1990 The Loebner Prize

12. Symbolic Languages

13. Neat and Scruffy AI

14. Expert Systems

15. Genetic Algorithms

16. Neural Networks (Connectionism)

17. The Problem: Snails A Snail has only 3 neurons!!! http://idle.slashdot.org/story/10/06/01/13242 20/Snails-On-Methamphetamine

18. The CYC Project This is a project designed to capture the commonsense of humanity, ambitious:YES It currently contains x00,000’s of terms and millions of assertions. The founder, Doug Lenat predicts that the project will need around 100 million assertions before it can begin ‘reading’ literature.

19. Video Game AI Steve Rabin (Game AI) provides 2 definitions: “Game AI is any technique that contributes to the perceived intelligence of an entity, regardless of what’s under the hood.” “Techniques that generate artefacts that would normally be created by the game developers (like environment/layout, story, music, or models/animations/textures).”

20. Video Game AI When was the first AI introduced to gaming?

21. Video Game AI When was the first AI introduced to gaming? It all depends on your classification of AI Space Invaders responded to the player input...

22. Hardcore vs Casual Tony Ventrice of Playdom http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/614 3/evolving_the_social_game_finding_.php

23. 6 factors of Hardcore games 1.Difficult controls 2.Overwhelming options 3.Prerequisite knowledge 4.Abstract memorization 5.Unclear goals 6.Unclear solutions

24. Difficult Controls Welcome GTA IV Convoluted Controls Weird inexplicit timing http://www.gtagaming.com/images/gtaiv/controls/ps3_vehicle.jpg

25. http://www.therimofhell.com/wp- content/uploads/2008/05/zombie-games.jpg

26. Overwhelming Options Master of Orion 2 http://www.spacesector.com /blog/wp- content/uploads/2009/08/rac es_custom.jpg

27. Prerequisite Gaming Knowledge What happens when you pick up a new weapon? Why does the block you keep destroying reappear? Why doesn’t the door open? What do you do with the key you found? Press ‘c’ to crouch http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_vXr_LG9qVWI/S8NVQ83Q- nI/AAAAAAAACUk/Yy9cZu2Eha0/s400/383577_5.jpg

28. Abstract Memorization This refers to anything that is not obvious or intuitive to any person. ‘The Unreal link gun heals your vehicles’ ‘The stamina bar runs out when you run lots’ http://www.mailorderexpress.com/shop/prdpi cs/140971.jpg

29. Unclear Goals Figuring out what to do is a task for the hardcore gamer Casual gamers would rather know what they are expected to do next Implied goals are not good enough for casual gamers (13 / 26 Gems Collected) http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/gps-system-wrong-direction-2.jpg http://games.adultswim.com/robot-unicorn- attack-twitchy-online-game.html

30. Unclear Solutions The Rubik's Cube -The Goal is clear -The solution is ????? Sam n Max has many unclear solutions Hints can be used to help guide greener players http://www.mouser.org/log/images/2007/pep pered_beef.jpg http://www.far-q-designs.com/images/P/mensblackdyslexic.jpg

31. 6 factors of Casual Games 1.Challenge 2.Trial and Error 3.Strategy 4.Theme 5.Repetition 6.Depth / Graduated objectives

32. Challenge Challenge is good, it’s not just hardcore – Players must feel challenged in all games Increasing challenge (not changing challenge) is stereotypical of casual games Does that make Space Invaders a casual game?

33. Trial and Error Puzzles which can be solved this way are usable by casual players The Nemesis is NOT a casual game Did anyone play puzzledonkey? Keeping risk low promotes trial-and-error gameplay Higher risk requires more player investment

34. Strategy Strategy Games ARE hardcore – Comprise many complex strategies Strategy is actually used in all games Naughts and Crosses is played with different strategies, but there is only one good strategy If there is no strategy  there is no challenge  no fun. http://gridironexperts.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/06/FF5.jpg

35. Theme This is a little more abstract.... Theme does NOT make a game hardcore or casual Theme does define the segment of the audience your game will appeal to http://www.tunariver.com/images/ultimate- nature-theme-pack-all-themes-small.jpg

36. Repetition Casual players enjoy repetition – As long as the challenge is increasing Hardcore = more changes, more frequently Casual = less changes, less frequently Hardcore & Casual = continual challenge increase http://tilings.math.uni-bielefeld.de/tilings/Files/faceit.gif

37. Depth / Graduated Objectives In casual games, new challenges should only be introduced as the old challenges cease to be interesting http://www.whoi.edu/cms/images/currents_hr ov_n2_49158.jpg http://en.wikivisual.com/images/3/36/Bathysc aphe_Trieste.jpg

38. Warstory:- a Silverlight MMO http://warstory.bigpoint.com/en

39. Inception.... The Game :-s http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/3054 5/Inception_Director_Nolan_Looking_At_Spin off_Video_Game.php http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/3054 5/Inception_Director_Nolan_Looking_At_Spin off_Video_Game.php

40. The End http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/614 3/evolving_the_social_game_finding_.php http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/614 3/evolving_the_social_game_finding_.php