1. POLITICS IN MEXICO LUIS ESTRADA lmestrad@weber.ucsd.edu Spring quarter 2005

2. Foreign Relations (review) Embassies as places for political exile Embassies as places for political exile Non-intervention meant no investment on diplomatic resources Non-intervention meant no investment on diplomatic resources Well-trained diplomats, however Well-trained diplomats, however Mexico is strategic, for the US, Latin America, and Europe (it used to be for the USSR) Mexico is strategic, for the US, Latin America, and Europe (it used to be for the USSR)

3. Foreign Relations: Estrada Doctrine Genaro Estrada (1930) Genaro Estrada (1930) Ministry of Foreign Relations (1930-1932) Ministry of Foreign Relations (1930-1932) Self-determination of countries and nonintervention Self-determination of countries and nonintervention In other words: Neutrality to the foreign arena In other words: Neutrality to the foreign arena

4. Foreign Relations: Alfonso García-Robles Nobel Peace Prize Laureate (1982) Nobel Peace Prize Laureate (1982) Ministry of Foreign Relations (1964-1970) Ministry of Foreign Relations (1964-1970) Mexico’s Representative to the UN (1971- 1975) Mexico’s Representative to the UN (1971- 1975) Tlatelolco Agreement (1967): to declare Latin America a denuclearized zone (after Cuba-USA crisis) Tlatelolco Agreement (1967): to declare Latin America a denuclearized zone (after Cuba-USA crisis)

5. Foreign Relations (Smith and Green) USA-Mexico: Dependency, asymmetry, or both? USA-Mexico: Dependency, asymmetry, or both? Mexico raised complaints when USA invaded countries Mexico raised complaints when USA invaded countries USA options for dealing with Mexico: ignore, hard-line, or collaborate USA options for dealing with Mexico: ignore, hard-line, or collaborate Mexico reacts to USA: improve economic relations Mexico reacts to USA: improve economic relations

6. Foreign Relations (Rozental) Changing strategy under Fox Changing strategy under Fox Stress human rights (vote against Cuba in Geneva) Stress human rights (vote against Cuba in Geneva) Objectives: change image of Mexico (democratic); promote democracy and human rights; refocus North America’s agenda (migration); defend interests of Mexicans living abroad (20 million); more active in the UN; increase trade Objectives: change image of Mexico (democratic); promote democracy and human rights; refocus North America’s agenda (migration); defend interests of Mexicans living abroad (20 million); more active in the UN; increase trade

7. Foreign Relations (Rozental) Ministry of Foreign Relations: Jorge G. Castañeda; Luis E. Derbez Ministry of Foreign Relations: Jorge G. Castañeda; Luis E. Derbez Conflict with Cuba, still unfinished business. Example: Monterrey (2002) summit. Today: Cuba still in control Conflict with Cuba, still unfinished business. Example: Monterrey (2002) summit. Today: Cuba still in control Non-permanent member of the UN Security Council… Mexico refused to vote in favor of the invasion of Iraq Non-permanent member of the UN Security Council… Mexico refused to vote in favor of the invasion of Iraq

8. Foreign Relations (Rozental) Cost of non-compliance with the USA: Migration agenda is forgotten Cost of non-compliance with the USA: Migration agenda is forgotten Migration: The most important bilateral issue, still pending Migration: The most important bilateral issue, still pending Drug-trafficking: End of unilateral certification; joint efforts to fight Drug-trafficking: End of unilateral certification; joint efforts to fight In sum, more active relative to the past, but with unfortunate results In sum, more active relative to the past, but with unfortunate results

9. Foreign Relations (Rozental) Challenges: USA is interested somewhere else for the moment Challenges: USA is interested somewhere else for the moment Mistakes will take time to heal (with Cuba –and Latin America; and with the US) Mistakes will take time to heal (with Cuba –and Latin America; and with the US) Migration will become a long-term project rather than an achievement of the current administration Migration will become a long-term project rather than an achievement of the current administration