2. Background: Many factors have created the place names we now take for granted, I have listed them to make the explanation easier to understand. 1.After a River. 2.After a crossing place on a river. 3.After a tree type which is predominant. 4.After the landscape. 5.By invaders. 6.By occupations. 7.After Church Saints. 8.After large constructions. 9.After famous people. 10.After Royal command. 11.After battles. 12.After common sight.

3. AddlingtonTown of Norse leader Aderling Ashton in MakersfieldAsh trees in the clearing AthertonAlder tree town AthertonTown of the Alder tree BlackburnPeat bogs in river Darwen BoltonMakers of arrows (Bolts) ChesterCastle, caster ChorleyThe river Chor on the Ley ClitheroeNorse for "singing bird on the hill" DarwenMeans white oak, where oak tress were. DuckinfieldDuck in the field OR The Ducking Field Golborn Golden stream with yellow flowers on the embankment Hindleyback of the Ley HorwichCut the wych elm tree InceIsland in a boggy land

4. LeighThe Lea or meadow LeylandThe ley Land, meadow, low flat wet land LongridgeA long ridge LowtonTown on the lea PrestonPriest town SalfordSallow = willow tree. Sallow ford of river Irwell. Samlesbury Roman Goddess Belisama name of fort in Preston. ShevingtonSettlement below a ridge, under a shelf. SkelmersdaleSkel = Hill, mers= immerse water, dale= valley. St.HelensChurch of St.Helen at cross roads. TyldesleyTill the Ley Walton le daleWall town in the valley ( was fort Belisama). WhalleyWells WidnesWide ness a wide shallow crossing of the river WinsfordWain is a cart. Cart over the river crossing place.