1. Workshop on New Developments in Rights-based Fisheries Management: Community Fishing Rights Center for Fisheries & Aquaculture Management & Economics University of Southern Denmark – Esbjerg 29 – 30 August 2005

2. Rebecca Metzner Fishery Analyst Fishery Policy & Planning Division FAO, Rome, Italy Community-based Fisheries Management Successes & Failures

3. Outline The Topic: CBFM Framework for Analysis Examples Assessment Closing remarks

4. The Topic: Community-based Fisheries Management

5. CBFM: Responsibility & Authority Community-based Management Community-centered Co-management Co-management Government-based Management The Topic Authoritarian Management CommunityGovernment

6. CBFM: Degrees of Participation Collective Management Co-management The Topic Authoritarian Management ParticipatoryNon-participatory

7. The Framework Analyzing CBFM

8. Elements of Analysis Purpose / Objectives / Issues Means –path –people Mechanics –rules –regulations –vehicles Outcome(s) The Framework

9. Analyzing CBFM Purpose / Objectives / Issues Means –path –people Mechanics –rules –regulations –vehicles Outcome(s) The Framework Is it FM? Are there FRs? Is it CB? Do FRs help?

10. Analyzing CBFM Is it community-based? –Who? –How defined? –How involved? The Framework

11. Integrating CB & FM Analyzing CBFM Is it fisheries management? –who goes fishing –where and when –for how much –of what fish –how –and why ?

12. The Framework Analyzing CBFM Are there fishing rights (FR)? –communal or other –formal or informal –historical or new

13. Examples of CBFM

14. Some Examples of CBFM Thailand The Gambia The Amazon Uruguay Chile Philippines Laos Fiji Vanuatu Samoa

15. CBFM Examples Southeast Asia Thailand Philippines Lao PDR

16. CBFM Examples Thailand: Phang Nga Bay

17. CBFM Examples Thailand: Phang Nga Bay

18. Analyzing CBFM Phang Nga Bay: Is it CB? External inspiration Community action

19. Analyzing CBFM Phang Nga Bay: Is there FM? Yes

20. Analyzing CBFM Phang Nga Bay: Are there FRs? Emerging –not individual –community-based

21. CBFM Examples Lao PDR

22. CBFM Examples Lao PDR

23. CBFM Examples Lao PDR: Kong District 1993 LCFDPP 1997 ECCDSW Voluntary FCZ projects

24. Analyzing CBFM Kong District: Is it CB? External inspiration Village-based –design –implementation –enforcement

25. Analyzing CBFM Kong District: Is there FM? Where When What How Why? / Why them?

26. Analyzing CBFM Kong District: Are there FRs? Implicit Village-based responsibility for FCZs

27. CBFM Examples Philippines

28. CBFM Examples Philippines

29. Analyzing CBFM Philippines: Is it CB? Externally provided model(s) External inspiration Community-based action

30. Analyzing CBFM Philippines: Is there FM? External rules FM rules increasingly –community-based –implemented –enforced

31. Analyzing CBFM Philippines: Are there FRs? Empowerment Weak rights

32. CBFM Examples Oceania: Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu

33. CBFM Examples Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu

34. Analyzing CBFM Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu: Is it CB? Yes –Samoa: extension inspired –Fiji, Vanuatu: historical

35. Analyzing CBFM Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu: Is there FM? Where How Who

36. Analyzing CBFM Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu: Are there FRs? Yes –traditional –customary marine tenure

37. CBFM Examples Latin America

38. CBFM Examples Chile

39. Analyzing CBFM Chile: Is it CB? Community-based Co-management

40. Analyzing CBFM Chile: Is there FM? Who Where When How much What

41. Analyzing CBFM Chile: Are there FRs? Weak FRs

42. CBFM Examples Uruguay

43. Analyzing CBFM Uruguay: Is it CB? Collaborative management

44. Analyzing CBFM Uruguay: Is there FM? 4 phases –extremely weak –extreme –controlled –weak

45. Analyzing CBFM Uruguay: Are there FRs? Briefly

46. CBFM Examples Brazil

47. CBFM Examples Brazil Lower Amazon floodplain in the Santarém region Roots –rising conflicts –political changes

48. Analyzing CBFM Brazil: Is it CB? de facto CB arrangements institutional Co-management –floodplain communities –Fishers’ Unions –Regional Fisheries Councils –IBAMA –international funding agencies –environmental organizations

49. Analyzing CBFM Brazil: Is there FM? Fishing Accords –Acordos de Pesca –portaria complementar Open Access Regulations

50. Analyzing CBFM Brazil: Are there FRs? Fishing Accords –Acordos de Pesca –portaria complementar No explicit fishing rights

51. CBFM Examples Africa

52. CBFM Examples The Gambia

53. CBFM Examples The Gambia Objectives: –increase income, consumption, employment, socioeconomic conditions Mechanics: –construction of CFCs –establishment of various management groups

54. Analyzing CBFM The Gambia: Is it CB? Community Fisheries Centers Fisheries Center Management Committees

55. Analyzing CBFM The Gambia : Is there FM? Not by the CFCs Not by the FCMCs

56. Analyzing CBFM The Gambia : Are there FRs? Not in the context of the CFCs or the FCMCs –primarily open access fisheries

57. Summarizing: Is it CBFM? Is it CBFM? & Are there FRs?

58. Analyzing CBFM Is it Community-based? FisheryCB? YCMN Thailand√ Lao PDR√√ Philippines√ Samoa√√ Fiji√ Vanuatu√ Chile√√ Uruguay√ Brazil√ The Gambia√√

59. Analyzing CBFM Is there Fisheries Management? FisheryFM? Y+YN Thailand√ Lao PDR√ Philippines√√ Samoa√√ Fiji√ Vanuatu√ Chile√√ Uruguay√ Brazil√ The Gambia√

60. Analyzing CBFM Are there Fishing Rights? FisheryFRs? YMN Thailand (√)(√)(√)(√) Lao PDR√ Philippines√ Samoa√√ Fiji√ Vanuatu√ Chile√√ Uruguay√√ Brazil (√)(√)(√)(√)√ The Gambia√

61. Closing Remarks CB, FM, and FRs

62. Does CBM Work? It depends.

63. Closing Remarks CB, FM, and FRs Do FRs help? It depends.

64. Closing Remarks CB, FM, and FRs How do FRs help? Responsibility assigned Allocation / Sharing clarified Credit / fiscal assets created Compliance encouraged Stewardship inspired

65. Understanding the developments in rights-based fisheries management of the past and the present...

66. ... so we can do better at Sharing the Fish. www.fishallocation.com