1. Environmental Construction Services Background: Background: Consulting Firm for Construction ServicesConsulting Firm for Construction Services Goal: Goal: To Educate Companies on Environmentally Conscious ConstructionTo Educate Companies on Environmentally Conscious Construction

2. Reasons for using waste tires in Civil Engineering Applications Reasons for using waste tires in Civil Engineering Applications Rubberized Asphalt Rubberized Asphalt Retaining Wall Backfill Retaining Wall Backfill Slope Stabilization and Embankment Fill Slope Stabilization and Embankment Fill Environmental Construction Services

3. 41 Million Waste Tires produced annually 41 Million Waste Tires produced annually 75% recycled 75% recycled 25% illegally dumped and stocked pilled 25% illegally dumped and stocked pilled 10 Million waste tires left in California to: 10 Million waste tires left in California to: pollute the groundpollute the ground harm the communityharm the community create fire hazardscreate fire hazards Waste Tires in California

4. Location of Project Highway 99 passing through Chico, California

5. Using Tire Derived Aggregate Retaining Wall Backfill

6. Traditional Design Methods for Retaining Walls And Failure Mechanisms Backfill material is in-situ soil Backfill material is in-situ soil Failure Mechanisms considered are: Failure Mechanisms considered are: Overturning Overturning Lateral SlidingLateral Sliding Bearing Capacity FailureBearing Capacity Failure Deep-seated FailureDeep-seated Failure

7. Shredded chips of waste tires Shredded chips of waste tires Range in size from 12 inches to 3 inches for shreds and 3 inches to.5 inches for chips Range in size from 12 inches to 3 inches for shreds and 3 inches to.5 inches for chips Can be used mixed with soil Can be used mixed with soil Usually enclosed in a geotextile fabric then covered with soil Usually enclosed in a geotextile fabric then covered with soil Specific Gravity of tire chips between 1.1 and 1.3 Specific Gravity of tire chips between 1.1 and 1.3 Tire Derived Aggregate (TDA)

8. Pros: Pros: TDA reduces unit weight of fill material allowing for construction on areas with low bearing capacityTDA reduces unit weight of fill material allowing for construction on areas with low bearing capacity TDA gives good permeability as a coarse granular alternativeTDA gives good permeability as a coarse granular alternative Improves CompressibilityImproves Compressibility Decreases the overturning momentDecreases the overturning moment TDA as Backfill for Retaining Wall

9. Cons Cons Small amount of settlementSmall amount of settlement Ground moisture will cause steel in TDA to corrodeGround moisture will cause steel in TDA to corrode Wire-free TDA needs to be used in backfill more than 3 meters deepWire-free TDA needs to be used in backfill more than 3 meters deep TDA as Backfill for Retaining Wall Cont.

10. California California Riverside County along route 91Riverside County along route 91 Maine Maine Topsham bridge abutment wallTopsham bridge abutment wall Example Applications

11. Retaining Wall Location

12. Dimensions

13. Retaining Wall Calculations

14. Prevents pollution and waste generation Prevents pollution and waste generation Saves money though prevention of disposing of waste tires Saves money though prevention of disposing of waste tires Creates new recycling industries Creates new recycling industries Reduces landfill disposal and expansion Reduces landfill disposal and expansion Allows for the construction of thinner and less expensive retaining walls Allows for the construction of thinner and less expensive retaining walls Environmental Advantages

15. Cost Analysis Common Borrow = $7.48 / yd 3 Common Borrow = $7.48 / yd 3 Placement of TDA Placement of TDA (with geotextile) = $3.74 / yd 3 (with geotextile) = $3.74 / yd 3 Purchase & Delivery of TDA = $23.66 / yd 3 Purchase & Delivery of TDA = $23.66 / yd 3 In-place cost for TDA = $27 / yd 3 In-place cost for TDA = $27 / yd 3 In-place cost for lightweight In-place cost for lightweight aggregate = $50 / yd 3 aggregate = $50 / yd 3

16. Reduction of Wall Size: Reduction of Wall Size: Reduction in the cost of materialsReduction in the cost of materials Reduction in laborReduction in labor Reduction in timeReduction in time California Department of Transportation can save up to $13,000 / 100ft California Department of Transportation can save up to $13,000 / 100ft Stockpiles in California reduced by 100 tires per 1.5 cubic yards Stockpiles in California reduced by 100 tires per 1.5 cubic yards Implementations and Benefits

17. Retaining wall along highway 99 in Chico Retaining wall along highway 99 in Chico Tire Derived Aggregate (TDA) as backfill for retaining wall Tire Derived Aggregate (TDA) as backfill for retaining wall Engineering advantages of using TDA for backfill Engineering advantages of using TDA for backfill Environmental advantages of using TDA for backfill Environmental advantages of using TDA for backfill Implementations and benefits Implementations and benefits Conclusion