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STATISTICS and ENERGETICS of the SOLID EARTH PROCESSES: RELIEF, PLATES, EARTH PROCESSES, VOLCANOES G.S. Golitsyn A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, RAS Moscow, RF
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a) b)
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Relief Decomposition on spherical harmonics up to number Earth Venus Mars(200 km) Legendre polinomials planetary radius
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Spectral dispersion Earth km, km Venus km, km km Relief spectrum for regional transsects,, km Turcotte for 60 trajectories Synthetic spectrum
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Dependence of the spectral power density S on wave number k for the synthetic depositional topography. The data points are the average of 50 simulations.
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Slope Spectrum white noise in the space m for large scale harmonics of Earth erosion: water flows on slopes and wind decelerates over slopes
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Structure function If, then m,km, then m
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In vertical motions the whole crust with km is involved The relative dispersion of the potential energy - mean geothermal flux density Myr
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Convection In the viscous fluid the rate of energy dissipation/generation of kinetic energy at convection thermal expansion of mantle ms, kgm, m /s K km,m s m s cm yr, stress at core?
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Check of the convection velocities in viscous and turbulent regimes
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Earthquakes Gutenberg-Richter, 1942, Ishima, 1939 (see Kasahara, 1981) Correlation function of random forces where is the stress minimum correlation time (the free energy of deformation)
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Frequency spectrum white noise motion equation, momentum red noise
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Flow of events, cumulative frequency mean waiting time (Feller) energy
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Examples Tsunami: land slides upon the soil mass Number of lakes, Turcotte, Ryanzhin
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Earthquakes again magnitudem = 1 ar Gutenberg-Richter for, for S.S. Grigorian 1988, Rundle 1989 Young modulus, mean slip Seismic moment
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Energy of seismic waves (Kanamory 1994) total energy of an event stress dropBar = 4 MPaAki, 1967 length scale Similarity criterium at,the process 2 D 1 D Chile, Sumatra
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Scatter plot of observed rupture areas against the theoretical values
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The scatterplot of the observed rupture length against the theoretical value
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Dimensional analysis: energy dimension, E, time, T seek, by geothermal flux seismic moment similarity criterium at… from global catalogs
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at for large
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time in years. globally: one quake per year with global geothermal flux effective action coefficient averaged over millenia
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volume energy
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