1. Mr. Hooper Harris FAA/JAA Annual Meeting Phoenix, AZ June 3 - 7, 2002
Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Area Navigation (RNAV) Implementation
Mr. Hooper Harris
FAA/JAA Annual Meeting
Phoenix, AZ
June 3 - 7, 2002

2. Definitions and Advantages Differentiation Benefits
Overview
Definitions and Advantages
RNAV, RNP, and RNP RNAV
Differentiation
Benefits
Implementation - mitigating risk
Conclusion

3. RNAV
RNAV is a method of navigation that permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path: e.g., “user preferred routes.”
The application of RNAV techniques has been shown to provide a number of advantages over conventional (source-referenced) forms of navigation.

4. RNAV Advantages
1. User preferred routes – tracks that consider pressure altitude and wind and are not associated with or constrained by an underlying navigation aid.
2. Establishment of:
a. more direct routes, resulting in shorter flight distances;
b. dual or parallel routes to accommodate a greater flow of en route traffic;
c. bypass routes for aircraft over flying high-density terminal areas;
d. alternatives or contingency routes, either planned or unplanned (e.g., severe weather avoidance); and
e. the best locations for holding patterns.

5. RNP & Advantages
A statement of the navigation performance accuracy necessary for operation within a defined airspace.
The term RNP is also applied as a descriptor for airspace, routes, and procedures. The descriptor is flexible and can apply to a unique approach procedure or to a large region of airspace. RNP applies to navigation performance accuracy within an airspace, and therefore includes the capability of both the available infrastructure (navigation aids) and the aircraft.

6. RNP RNAV - Per ICAO Doc 9613 RTCA DO-236/EUROCAE ED-75.
Merges the accuracy standard in the ICAO Manual, with the containment requirements and area navigation functional and performance standards.
The containment region quantifies the navigation performance where the probability of an un-annunciated deviation greater than 2 x RNP is less than 1 x 10-5.
The containment region (defined as 2 times the RNP) could help with safety assessments for separation and obstacle clearance.
RNP RNAV will support the development of new obstacle clearance or aircraft-to-aircraft separation.
RNP RNAV will enable reliable, predictable and repeatable ground tracks through standardized avionics functions.

7. Differentiation RTCA/EUROCAE RNP RNAV ICAO RNP 2xRNP Containment Zone
95%
Accuracy
95% Accuracy
95%
Accuracy
95% Accuracy
1xRNP
Containment
Zone
2xRNP

8. Transition Strategy
In the short term, emphasis should be on RNAV implementation using all available means (GNSS, ground-based, and self-contained navaids).
The mid term should focus on the transition to RNP RNAV based on GNSS.
RNP RNAV is based on the following systems, where these systems meet navigation requirements:
GNSS
GNSS/INS
DME/DME/INS

9. Industry Requirements
RNP EVERYTHING!
APPROACHES
excuses!!!
TERMINAL PROCEDURES!!
Convertible Specials
LAAS APPROACHES

10. Operational Approvals
Public Use
SPECIALS
?????

11. Public vs. Specials
Specials
- RNP < 0.3
- Alaska Airlines
- Certification &
Aircrew Training
- Equipment
Requirements
- RTCA SC-181 WG13 to address RNP <0.3
Public Use
- RNP 10, 5,
2, 1, 0.3
- RNAV IAPs
- DPs and STARs

12. Cooperative Goal Middle Ground is Similar to ILS Cat II/III Approvals
public use - however
special aircrew training/equipment required
Build upon today’s RNP Values
Implement RNP <0.3 where beneficial
Working to identify priority airports
Future: RNAV Approach with vertical guidance can achieve precision like functionality

13. Key Issues for Implementation
Standardization of publication/charting.
Means of notifying users of the available navigation infrastructure.
Means of managing changes in the navigation infrastructure.
DME issues.

14. Key Issues (continued)
Means of providing operational status information to ATC.
Accommodation of previously approved RNAV systems (e.g., RNAV FMS).
Relationship between RNP level and obstacle clearance.
Relationship between RNP level and airspace.
Navigation Data Issues.

15. Conclusion
RNP RNAV can satisfy the navigation element of the CNS/ATM equation.
Predictable and repeatable flight paths allow navigation to contribute to meeting the long term concept of “Free Flight” and in shaping air navigation as an integral part of the Global CNS/ATM Plan.