1. Horizontal resolution Current network (5yrs, M≥5.5) Rayleigh wave 50s distance from the pole (deg)

2. Horizontal resolution Current network (5yrs, M≥5.5) New permanent stations (5yrs, M≥5.5) Current network (5yrs, M≥5.5) New permanent stations (5yrs, M≥5.5) Rayleigh wave 50s distance from the pole (deg)

3. Horizontal resolution Current network (5yrs, M≥5.5) New permanent stations (5yrs, M≥5.5) Regional arrays (1yr, M≥5.0) Current network (5yrs, M≥5.5) New permanent stations (5yrs, M≥5.5) Regional arrays (1yr, M≥5.0) Rayleigh wave 50s distance from the pole (deg)

4. 20 sec period Rayleigh wave Record section: Cross-correlate 1 month of ambient noise, Z Bandpass centered on: 20 sec Green Functions by Cross-Correlating Ambient Noise in Antarctica?

5. Results: Vs and temperature across Antarctica 100 km depth W. vs E. Antarctica: @100 km > 1000 deg difference. @ 300 km. > 400 deg difference. Along Transantarctic Mtns: @ 100 km, > 1deg/km laterally. E. Antarctic cratonic core > 300 km thick, but much thinner nearer the coast. East Antarctica: old craton West Antarctica: recently rejuvenated mantle East Antarctica: old craton West Antarctica: recently rejuvenated mantle

6. AA’ Results: Vs and temperature across Antarctica temp 100 km depth W. Ant. Rift E. Ant. Craton So. Pole W. vs E. Antarctica: @100 km > 1000 deg difference. @ 300 km. > 400 deg difference. Along Transantarctic Mtns: @ 100 km, > 1deg/km laterally. E. Antarctic cratonic core > 300 km thick, but much thinner nearer the coast.

7. Other cratons lithospheric thickness Results: Lithospheric thickness compared with other continents

8. Results: Mantle heat flow compared with other continents

9. Mean of the Extrapolated Distribution Shapiro & Ritzwoller, EPSL, 2004,

10. Results: Lithospheric thickness vs mantle heat flow compared with other continents Other ContinentsAntarctica

11. Results: Lithospheric thickness vs mantle heat flow compared with other continents Other ContinentsAntarctica

12. Anomalous Mantle Structure Beneath Antarctica? Locations with relatively thin lithosphere but low heat flux. Cause? Erosion of the continental roots caused by Mesozoic rifting? or Simply poor lateral resolution?