1. June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases1 UML - Unified Modeling Language UML Course at HCHR Summer 2001 Gilles Falquet and Luka Nerima University of Geneva

2. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 2 Outline vSession 1 : A high level view of UML, Tue 19.6.2001 vUML : history and context vThe importance of modeling vIntroduction to UML vUse cases <-- main topic of this session vA brief introduction to object-oriented design vSession 2 : Static modelling, Thu 21.6.2001 v Objects and classes v Class hierarchies and inheritance v Class modelling exercises v Classes and methods

3. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 3 Outline (cont) vSession 3 : Dynamic modelling, Tue 26.6.2001 v Activities in UML v States and state charts v Collaboration diagrams v Use cases and objet evolution v Exercices vSession 4 : Integration, Thu 28.6.2001 v Interfaces between the UML design spaces v Architecture definition with UML v UML and databases v UML and XML v Public domain tools and ressources

4. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 4 UML: A Brief History and Context vlate 1960s: Object Oriented Programming Language vmid 1970s - late 1980s: Object Oriented modeling languages vmid 1990s: ~ 50 Object Oriented methods v1996: market leaders Booch, Jacobson & Rumbaugh get together -> Unified Modeling Language (UML)

5. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 5 UML actors

6. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 6 The importance of Modeling vThe dog house – family house – office building métaphore (Booch, Jacobson, Rumbaugh) vFor building a dog house: pile of lumber, some nails, a hammer, basic tools v… a family house: + some detailed plans and blueprints (rooms, electricity, plumbing, heating) v… office building: + extensive planning, many blueprints

7. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 7 The importance of Modeling vModeling is a proven engineering technique vMany domains of application: vBuilding industry vAircraft industry vAutomobile industry vPicture industry vComputer engineering vSoftware engineerging v…

8. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 8 The importance of modeling vNon industrial domains vSociology vEconomics vBusiness management v…

9. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 9 What is a model ? vKey point: « A model is a simplification of reality »

10. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 10 Why do we model ? vWe model in order to understand better the systeme we are developping vModeling four aims: vModels help us to visualize a system as it is or as we want it to be vModels permit us to specify the structure and behavior of a system vModels give us a template that guides us in constructing a system vModels document the decision we have made vWe build models of complex systems because we cannot comprehend such a system in its entirety

11. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 11 Principles of Modeling 1.The choice of what models to create has a profound influence on how the problem is attacked and how a solution is shaped 2.Every model may be expressed at different levels of precision 3.The best models are connected to the reality 4.No single model is sufficient. Every nontrivial system is best approached through a small set of nearly independent models.

12. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 12 Object-Oriented Modeling vObjet or class centered approach vSimply put: vAn object is a thing (from the vocabulary of the problem to be solved) vA class is a set of common objects vObjets can be concrete or abstract

13. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 13 Object-Oriented Modeling: an example vConsider a billing system involving: vA user interface (buttons, menus, dialog boxes) vA database (tables representing customers, products and orders) vA middle-layer (transactions, business rules) vConcrete objects: vbuttons, menus, dialog boxes, tables… vAbstract objects: vtransactions, business rules.

14. June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases14 An Overview of the UML

15. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 15 An Overview of the UML vUML vObject oriented modeling vCovers all the phases of a project (requirement analysis trough system deployment) vModeling along three axes: vStructural Modeling vBehavioral Modeling vArchitectural Modeling

16. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 16 Aims of the UML vModels the complete system (not only the software system) vConnect the conceptual objects to the executable artefacts vControl of complexity (scale) vModel suitable for both humans and computers vOpen language: extensibility mechanism vSpecificiation language: clear semantics (#ambiguous)

17. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 17 UML is a visual language vIntensive use of graphical modeling vBut textual modeling remains usefull in some cases vGraphical representation -> facilitates communication vUML defines 9 diagrams

18. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 18 1) use cases diagram vRequirements analysis

19. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 19 2) Sequence diagram time Object1 Object2 Object3 message2 message1 message3

20. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 20 3) Collaboration diagrams vCollaboration between objects Object1 Object2 Object3 2:messageY 1:messageX role

21. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 21 4) Class diagram vStructural modeling vThe « heart » of the UML Personne Ville depuis jusqua travailler à

22. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 22 5) To 9) diagrams v5) Package diagram vModularity of the model (structure of the model itself) v6) Statechart diagram vEnvent – response to the event (real time systems) v7) Activity diagram vFlowcharts (business processes) v8) Componant diagram vOrganization and dependencies among the component v9) Deployment diagram vTo set the location of the components on run-time processing nodes (distributed applications)

23. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 23 Where Can the UML be used ? vEntreprise information systems vBanking and financial services vTelecommunications vMedical electronics vDistributed Web-based services v… vNot limited to modeling software vAdministration Workflows vBehavior of a patient healthcare system

24. ISIISI June 2001 - G. Falquet, L. NerimaUse Cases 24 For what task can the UML be used ? vForward engineering vReverse engineering vDocumentation of a system