2. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine

3. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Contents of the Presentation l l Key Components of the Water Framework Directive l l Regulatory aspects of water monitoring in the context of the WFD (and analytical implications) l l Integration issues: environmental, policy, standardisation, research l l Need for a ‘science-policy’ interface l l Conclusions, perspectives

4. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Evolution of water policies WFD Bathing Water Drinking Water Surface Water Fish Water Shellfish Water Ground water Urban Waste Water Nitrates IPPC Exchange of Information Decision Surface Waters Dangerous Substances WFD Bathing Water Drinking Water Urban Waste Water Nitrates IPPC REPEAL TODAY 2013

5. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Water Framework Directive: key elements protecting all waters, surface and ground waters protecting all waters, surface and ground waters Setting environmental objectives Setting environmental objectives good quality (‘good status’) to be achieved within a set deadline of 15 years good quality (‘good status’) to be achieved within a set deadline of 15 years water management based on river basins water management based on river basins combined approach of emission controls and water quality standards, plus phasing out of particularly hazardous substances combined approach of emission controls and water quality standards, plus phasing out of particularly hazardous substances economic instruments: economic analysis, and getting the prices right - to promote wise use of water economic instruments: economic analysis, and getting the prices right - to promote wise use of water getting the citizen involved: public participation getting the citizen involved: public participation

6. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine River Basin Management Plan One plan for each river basin in Europe; River Basin Management Plan as main instrument for planning, reporting and evaluation of success; Publication 2009, updates every 6 years; Contents: characteristics of river basin; environmental and economic analysis; monitoring network; established environmental objectives (‘good status’ made operational); results of public participation; programme of measures

7. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Integration with other policies Environment and healthNatural resources ChemicalsMarine policy WasteTransport policy Development policyResearch….. Each policy sector should consider also the side effects, positive or negative, to other sectors and ecosystems, The political commitment to sustainable development should lead to a more integrated approach to policy making and management (6th EAP).

8. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine River basins in Europe Strong needs for coordination at EU level

9. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine A Common Strategy for Implementation Progress to date: Common understanding and approach Capacity building Elaboration of guidance (14) on key challenges, such as environmental and economic analysis, best practices, monitoring, public involvement, wetlands, classification, etc. Unprecedented cooperation of Commission, MS, stakeholders and NGOs – Establishing expert network

10. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Water Directors Steering of implementation process Chair: Presidency, Co-chair: Commission Strategic Co-ordination Group Co-ordination of work programme Chair: Commission Stakeholders, NGO’s, Researchers, Experts, etc. Art. 21 Committee Working Group A “Ecological Status” Lead: JRC, DE and UK Working Group B “Integrated River Basin Management” Lead: FR and ES Working Group D “Reporting” Lead: Commission Working Group E “Priority Substances” Lead: Commission Working Group C “Groundwater” Lead: Commission and AT "GIS” Expert Network “Chemical Monitoring” Strategic Steering Group “WFD and Agriculture” Chair: UK and Commission Expert Advisory Forum “Flood Protection” Chair: Commission “Chemical Monitoring” CIS operational diagram

11. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Already now an example of Good European Governance, as set out in the Commission’s Communication of July 2001 Setting up of pilot river basin network - currently 15 pilots in 18 countries Increasing awareness through numerous activities Developing linkages with other policies. State-of-play

12. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Pilot River Basins Network  B, F, NL (Scheldt),  D, F, Lux (Moselle-Sarre)  France (Marne)  Ireland (Shannon)  UK (Ribble)  Denmark (Odense)  Finland (Oulujoki)  Norway (Suldals)  Portugal (Guadiana)  Spain (Júcar)  Greece (Pinios)  Italy (Tevere, Cecina)  HU/ROM (Somos)  PL, CZ, D (Neisse)

13. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Pilot River Basins testing Activities: Identification of practical methods of working – Sharing experiences Organise ad-hoc seminars on Key Issues PRB Steering Group setting work schedule PRB workshops: Presentations and Discussion forum Discuss initiatives to sustain the exercise Experience PRB reports First PRB Characterisation Report

14. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Water policy framework and related needs l 6th EAP Thematic strategies (in particular marine, soil, urban) and all “parent directives” (e.g. sewage sludge, pesticides, landfill etc.) l WFD Implementation l Development of COM proposals (groundwater, priority substances) WFD implementation (agenda & milestones), review in 2015: need to integrate scientific knowledge/progress in a timely fashion

15. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine ARTICLE 8 surface water monitoring (ecological and chemical status, and ecological potential) groundwater monitoring (quantitative and chemical status) protected areas (specifications in related legislation) ANNEX V.1 – SURFACE WATER STATUS quality elements for the classification of the ecological status normative definitions of the ecological status classifications monitoring of ecological and chmeical status classification and presentation ANNEX V.2 – GROUNDWATER STATUS quantitative status monitoring of quantitative status chemical status and groundwater chemical monitoring classification and presentation WFD monitoring framework

16. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine SURFACE WATERS – QUALITY CRITERIA biological (plankton, macrophytes, benthos, fishes) hydromorphological (hydrology, morphology) physico-chemical (nutrients, salinity, pH, oxygen balance, pollutants) ACCORDING TO VERY GOOD, GOOD AND MEDIUM STATUS CRITERIA SURFACE WATERS – STATUS MONITORING representativeness, frequency, typology of water bodies surveillance monitoring (follow-up of anthropogenic inputs) operational monitoring (water bodies at risk) enquiry monitoring (accidental pollutions) additional monitoring for protected areas (drinking water, habitats, zones of species protection) (1) Monitoring parameters (1)

17. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine GROUNDWATER – QUALITY CRITERIA quantitatif status (groundwater levels) chemical status (conductivity, pollutant concentrations) interactions with associated aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems ACCORDING TO GOOD STATUS CRITERIA (community standards and threshold values established by Member States) GROUNDWATER – STATUS MONITORING representativeness, frequency surveillance monitoring (follow-up of anthropogenic inputs) operational monitoring (groundwater bodies at risk) identification (and reversal) of upward pollution trends (2) Monitoring parameters (2)

18. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine ON THE REGULATORY VIEWPOINT classification and presentation of status of water bodies decisions linked to this classification trend studies management plan, identification of measures follow-up of measure’s efficiency ON THE ANALYTICAL VIEWPOINT harmonisation needs (ex. strategies, sampling) validation of analytical methods (RMs, interlaboratory trials) standardisation of methods, if necessary coordination of quality control programme(s) comparability of data Analytical implications

19. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine TIME TABLE design and operation of surveillance programme at the scale of 27 countries (more than 120 river basins) by the end of 2006 parallel research projects (methods, quality control) coordination through the Common Implementation Strategy river basin management plan in 2009 programmes of mesures in 2012 environmental objectives: attained in 2015 ? Perspectives

20. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Risks of pollution from diffuse/point sources (incl. landfills, wastes, contaminated soils, agriculture) Quality standards / thresholds? Interactions with aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems? Links with SW status and EQS Prevent / Limit Drinking water abstraction Construction Products, Run-off Trend identification and reversal Time Urban wastes Environmental issues (example of groundwater)

21. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine INDUSTRY POLICY groundwater POLICY WFD AGRI- CULTURE URBAN SECTOR POLICY Drinking water DRINKING WATER POLICY Bathing water POLICY Birds, Habitats POLICY Seveso, IPPC POLICY Sewage sludge landfill POLICY Pesticides, Nitrates, biocides POLICY UWW, CPD POLICY Env. Impact assessment Policy integration

22. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine INDUSTRY POLICY groundwater POLICY WFD AGRI- CULTURE URBAN SECTOR POLICY Drinking water CEN CEN TC 292 CEN CEN TC 230 DRINKING WATER POLICY Bathing water POLICY Birds, Habitats POLICY Seveso, IPPC POLICY Sewage sludge landfill POLICY Pesticides, Nitrates, biocides POLICY UWW, CPD POLICY Env. Impact assessment Links to standardisation CEN CEN TC 308 § 345

23. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine INDUSTRY POLICY groundwater POLICY WFD AGRI- CULTURE URBAN SECTOR POLICY Drinking water CEN CEN TC 292 CEN CEN TC 230 DRINKING WATER POLICY Bathing water POLICY Birds, Habitats POLICY Seveso, IPPC POLICY Sewage sludge landfill POLICY Pesticides, Nitrates, biocides RESEARCH Risk studies, remediation POLICY UWW, CPD POLICY Env. Impact assessment Research integration RESEARCH Soil & surface water interactions RESEARCH Interactions with wetlands RESEARCH Water uses CEN CEN TC 308 § 345

24. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Integration of research into GWD development? Directive adoption COM Adoption EAF Gw CIS WFD 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 6th FWP 5th FWP BASELINE [scientific success, But no direct support] Priority 8: BRIDGE [Tailor-made to policy]

25. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine The integration loop DESIGN OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH, SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS, POLICY INTEGRATION POLICY REVIEW

26. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine The consultation loop POLICY MAKER MEMBER STATES SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY, POLICY DGs STAKEHOLDERS (industry, NGOs, Associations)

27. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine In a perfect world … NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMMES EU-FUNDED RESEARCH PROGRAMMES EU-POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION Co-ordination Integration of relevant policies is generally achieved through internal EC consulation

28. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine In reality NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMMES EU-FUNDED RESEARCH PROGRAMMES EU-POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION Only part of the results of research projects are effectively and efficiently applicable to policies

29. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Links with FP6 WFD SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Scientific foundation Political agenda Time pressure Policy used as justification Specific research agenda Results accessability NEEDS Increased awareness Improved communication Concerted planning INTERFACE FP5 and FP6 projects (Priorities 6-8)

30. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine l An “interface” is needed for facilitating understanding and implementation of environmental policies l However, present networks only address a knowledgeable community l Workshops, action plans, reports, website, newsletters are all good communication tools but should be “tailor- made” to different user categories Interfacing needs

31. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Research Data & knowledge pilots PRB's WFD Guidances WFD implementation Water managers key-issues experiences demands offers

32. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Others: Links to WISE l Water Information System for Europe (DG ENV, JRC-IES, EEA, Eurostat), aiming at efficiently managing all water-related information at EU level, ensuring coherence between various reporting mechanisms and needs, and providing access to information (including RTD) / data for various purposes and needs

33. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Research policy Research development Research use, demonstration Research dissemination Research progress Research Demonstration programmes Research Integration interface DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTATION Water policies REVIEW DESIGN Research Policy interface Research funding programmes Coordination needs FP6, ERA-NET PRB, RTD LIFE INTERREG III HarmoniCA, ‘WISE’

34. European Commission - DG Environment Unit D.2: Water & Marine Conclusions: inputs from the analytical community l Analytical progress represents a key feature of implementation and review of environmental policies: however, communication is far from being in place among the scientific and policy-making groups. Efforts are made to identify the operatibility of a possible RTD-Policy interface. l Coordination at EU level is required to ensure information exchanges among the analytical community on new features (new methods, new substances) and a mechanism enabling efficient QA/QC to take place (120 river basin districts in 2U countries!) l Improvements are already noted thanks to ‚tailor-made‘ projects funded under the ‚Scientific Support to Policies‘ (SSP) Priority of FP6, such as SWIFT-WFD (validation/development of screening/field methods) and a new topic on AQC in support to water and soil policies (upcoming evaluation). In addition, projects are looking at emerging substances, taking account of the analytical challenges (e.g. NORMAN) l Interfacing implies efforts to establish and maintain a multidisciplinary dialogue and to look at integration issues (other policies, public awareness, education etc.) – We cannot anymore afford to work isolated!