1. Ubiquitous Computing Computers everywhere

2. Agenda Old future videos http://www.asktog.com/starfire/starfireHome.html http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/2003/10/23.html Project Presentation Ubicomp New concept video http://www.nttdocomo.com/vision2010/

3. Part 4 Presentation 20 minutes each (including questions) Load slides onto swiki Motivation Requirements learning from users Design learning from prototyping possible demo Evaluation Conclusions Q&A

4. Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp) Move beyond desktop machine Computing is embedded everywhere in the environment A new paradigm?? “off the desktop”, “out of the box”, pervasive, invisible, wearable, calm, anytime/anywhere/any place, …

5. Ubicomp Notions Computing capabilities, any time, any place “Invisible” resources Machines sense users’ presence and act accordingly

6. Marc Weiser: The father of ubicomp Chief Technologist Xerox PARC Began Ubiquitous Computing Project in 1988 1991 Scientific American article got the ball rolling http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.html

7. Not an interface problem? “The most profound technologies are those that disappear” HCI: new focus on unobtrusiveness, invisibility How do we make technology “vanish”?

8. What makes technology disappear? Psychological effect of learning Distribution of technology Physical invisibility Location and scale Context awareness/automated functions

9. Ubicomp is... Related to: mobile computing wearable computing augmented reality In contrast with: virtual reality (augmented virtuality)

10. HCI Themes in Ubicomp Some of the themes: Natural interaction Context-aware computing Automated capture and access Everyday computing

11. Natural Interaction How do input and output change? Different form factors, more devices Input Towards implicit information Feeds context-aware computing (later) Output Towards distributed, peripheral and ambient displays

12. Natural / implicit input Integrate into human life Pen input Gesture Speech Perceptual UI Tangible UI http://tangible.media.mit.edu/

13. Device scales Inch PDAs Blackberry Voice Recorders smart phones

14. Device scales Foot notebooks tablets digital paper

15. Device scales Yard electronic whiteboards plasma displays smart bulletin boards

16. Another take on scales Based on ownership and location body desk room building

17. Distributed in Environment The Everywhere Display Project at IBM Dynamic Shader Lamps – virtual painting on real objects http://www.cs.unc.edu/~raskar/Shaderlamps/

18. Ambient Displays The Information Percolator http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~hudson/bubbles/ Ambient Orb http://www.ambientdevices.com/

19. Peripheral Displays Kimura Digital Family Portrait

20. What is Context? Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity Who, what, where, when Why is it important? information, usually implicit, that applications do not have access to It’s input that you don’t get in a GUI

21. Example: Location services Outdoor Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) wireless/cellular networks Indoor active badges, electronic tags vision motion detectors, keyboard activity

22. How to Use Context To present relevant information to someone Mobile tour guide To perform an action automatically Print to nearest printer To show an action that use can choose Want to phone the number in this email?

23. Automated capture and access Use of computers to preserve records of the live experience for future use (Abowd & Mynatt 2000) Points of consideration: capture needs to be natural user access is important details of an experience is recorded as streams of information

24. Capture & access applications Compelling applications Design records Elephant box Everyday communication Annotations Fusion, indexing, summarization

25. Example: Personal Audio Loop

26. Designing for Everyday Activities No clear beginning or end Closure vs. flexibility and simplicity Interruption is expected Design for resumption Concurrent activities Monitoring for opportunity Time is important discriminator Interpret events Associative models needed Reacquire information from multiple pts of view

27. Challenge of Evaluation Bleeding edge technology Novelty Unanticipated uses Quantitative metrics Variety of social implications/issues

28. Social issues Privacy – who has access to data? How do we make users aware of what technology is present? Differing perspectives and opinions Jane likes that the environment is aware she is present, but John doesn’t…

29. Conclusions Just scratched the surface Scale … hard to imagine Real life interaction … noisy, erroneous Continuous interaction … time sensitive Evaluation