1. Today – 3/1 Critter in the news Ceratosauria

6. Puertasaurus reuili 70 Ma – giant sauropods almost to the end! 125 ft long, 100 tons! Chest alone was 16 feet in diameter Argentinian forest, occasionally flooded by Atlantic and Pacific – no Andes yet Discovered by Pablo Puerta and Santiago Reuil titanosaur

7. Clade Ceratosauria – “horned lizard” Fused feet, ankles, pelvic region for hind limb strength, speed, narrow gait Four fingers Sexual dimorphism – “robust” form with thicker limbs, longer neck and skull; “gracile” form more svelte Some had dramatic head gear for display, perhaps intraspecific combat

9. Carnotaurus – “meat-eating bull” 25 feet long, 7 feet tall at hips, 1 ton Fast runner, biter, skull built to expand to swallow prey whole like a snake Lived in the Late Cretaceous, 70 Ma (?), in Argentina Only 1 found, but a beauty, including skin impressions Partially binocular vision, like some other theropods

10. www.karencarr.com Coelophysis – “hollow form”

11. Coelophysis 9 feet long, 3 feet tall at hips, 90 lbs More than 100 specimens excavated at Ghost Ranch Quarry mass grave – evidence of social behavior All ages, great growth series shows age variation Once thought to be cannibals – ate fish, small reptiles. Footprints show that they were very fast Found in Late Triassic (220 Ma) rocks in NM and AZ (Petrified Forest) representing large and small river systems, vast deserts, saline lakes, broad mudflats, and ocean shorelines Robust and gracile forms occur in 50/50 ratio strongly indicating sexual dimorphism

14. More Coelophysis Study of the eye ring comparing it to living lizards and birds shows that Coelophysis had a round (not slit) pupil, very good day vision on par with a hawk, poor night vision. Study of the skull and eye socket indicated good frontal binocular vision Trace fossil of a Coelophysis-like dinosaur shows protofeathers! Implies warm- bloodedness, perhaps all theropods had feathers

15. www.lucinda.net

16. Effigia okeeffeae

17. Looks very dino-like, but actually a relative of Postosuchus (closer to crocodiles than dinosaurs) From the Ghost Ranch Coelophysis Quarry Ankle is the major give-away Causing re-evaluation of other fragmentary Triassic remains

18. www.dinosaur.net.cn

19. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu Dilophosaurus skeleton and left hand

23. Dilophosaurus – “double-crested lizard” 20 feet long, 5 feet at the hips, 1000 lb Three specimens from Early Jurassic (190 Ma?) rocks in N AZ, found near each other, one from China, now more No evidence for spitting, frills Many tracks likely made by Dilophosaurus found – more evidence of social behavior Bone structure (LAGs) indicate high growth rates

24. www.geocities.com/anthrosaurs/C/ceratosaurus.jpg Ceratosaurus

25. 20 feet long, 1500 lb, new bigger ones Late Jurassic, 150 Ma, Morrison Formation of Utah and Colorado Nose horn Dermal armor including back fin Pretty good growth series showing significant changes from youth to adult. Young nose horn small, two halves unfused. Marker of sexual maturity