1. Presentation by Silke Lode and Juliane Menke We and the others – challenges of the European Neighbourhood Policy German-French-Polish Autumn Forum 25/9/2005 – 30/9/2005 From EMP to ENP – the relations between EU and the Mediterranean region The Mediterranean region: Israel and Palestine

2. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Outline The Barcelona Process and ENP The Barcelona Process and ENP Relations between the EU and Israel Relations between the EU and Israel Relations between the EU and the Palestinian Authority Relations between the EU and the Palestinian Authority

3. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke The Barcelona Process I EMP is general framework for relations between EU and Mediterranean neighbours EMP is general framework for relations between EU and Mediterranean neighbours Originally 12 partner states: Originally 12 partner states: Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Palestinian Authority - Cyprus and Malta acceded to EU - Turkey and EU will open accession negotiations - Libya’s full integration into Barcelona process is under discussion

4. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke The Barcelona Process II 1995: Barcelona Declaration 1995: Barcelona Declaration Three baskets: Three baskets: - Political and security issues - Economic and financial issues - Social and cultural issues EMP includes 39 policy areas EMP includes 39 policy areas

5. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke The Barcelona Process III Bilateral association agreements  Euro- Mediterranean Free Trade Area in 2010 Bilateral association agreements  Euro- Mediterranean Free Trade Area in 2010 More attention for the Mediterranean countries from MS without traditional links to the Mediterranean More attention for the Mediterranean countries from MS without traditional links to the Mediterranean Financial provision: 5,3 bn € (2000-2006) Financial provision: 5,3 bn € (2000-2006) Complex institutional structure Complex institutional structure

6. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Institutions of the EMP

7. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke The Barcelona Process IV Shortcomings: Shortcomings: - Relative complexity - Limited visibility - Asymmetric partnership

8. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke The Barcelona Process V Challenges for the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership: Challenges for the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership: - EU enlargement in 2004 and further accessions - Instable situation in the Middle East (Israelian-Palestinian Conflict, Iraqi war)

9. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke From EMP to ENP: Added value or just a new name? ENP abandons the principle of regionality and replaces it with differentiated bilateralism ENP abandons the principle of regionality and replaces it with differentiated bilateralism ENP is based on positive conditionality ENP is based on positive conditionality ENP is framed in terms of interests ENP is framed in terms of interests

10. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Conclusions ENP complements the Barcelona Process ENP complements the Barcelona Process ENP gives bilateral incentives ENP gives bilateral incentives Differentiated rather than multilateral Differentiated rather than multilateral Barcelona envisages trade integration, focusing on tariff issues, ENP offers economic integration, inclusion in networks etc. Barcelona envisages trade integration, focusing on tariff issues, ENP offers economic integration, inclusion in networks etc. Changing principles Changing principles

11. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Israel, Westbank and Gaza

12. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Westbank

13. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Separation Wall

14. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Basic facts Israel: Israel: - Population: 6.5 mio. - GDP (p.c.): 13 600 € - GDP (growth): 4.3% - Unemployment: 9.1% Westbank and Gaza: - Population: 3.2 mio. (est.) - GDP (p.c.): < 1000 US $ - GDP (growth): - 25% - Unemployment: >30%

15. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke EU - Israel EU is most important economic partner to Israel EU is most important economic partner to Israel 1964: first trade agreement 1964: first trade agreement 1975: co-operation agreement 1975: co-operation agreement 1994: Essen Declaration 1994: Essen Declaration 1995: Barcelona Declaration, Association Agreement signed 1995: Barcelona Declaration, Association Agreement signed 1996: start of Israeli integration into EC´s FRP 1996: start of Israeli integration into EC´s FRP 2000: Association Agreement enters into force 2000: Association Agreement enters into force 2004: Galileo, Action Plan 2004: Galileo, Action Plan

16. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Israel – Association Agreement FTA for industrial products, concessions for trade in agricultural products FTA for industrial products, concessions for trade in agricultural products Political dialogue, respect for human rights, democracy Political dialogue, respect for human rights, democracy Two new bodies Two new bodies - EU- Israel Association Council - EU- Israel Association Committee  MEDA involvement in regional programmes

17. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Israel – Action Plan „Allows for the possibility for Israel to participate progresssively in key aspects of EU policies and programmes“ (DG Relex) „Allows for the possibility for Israel to participate progresssively in key aspects of EU policies and programmes“ (DG Relex) Adoption of parts of the Acquis communitaire to opening the EU internal market to Israel Adoption of parts of the Acquis communitaire to opening the EU internal market to Israel Other areas: Middle East conflict, counter- terrorism, non-proliferation of WMD, human rights etc. Other areas: Middle East conflict, counter- terrorism, non-proliferation of WMD, human rights etc.

18. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke EU – Palestinian Authority EU is most important donor to the PA EU is most important donor to the PA 1971: first EU assisstance in the form of financial contribution to UNRWA 1971: first EU assisstance in the form of financial contribution to UNRWA 1980: Venice Declaration 1980: Venice Declaration since 1986: preferential access for products from occupied territories since 1986: preferential access for products from occupied territories 1993: signature Oslo accords 1993: signature Oslo accords 1995: Barcelona Declaration 1995: Barcelona Declaration 1997: interim Association Agreement on trade and co-operation 1997: interim Association Agreement on trade and co-operation 2004: Action Plan 2004: Action Plan

19. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke EU – Financial support Financial assisstance programme of EU COM Financial assisstance programme of EU COM Programming of financial aid on annual basis Programming of financial aid on annual basis Strong conditionality Strong conditionality 1994 – 2002: 1994 – 2002: - ca. 1 bn. € in grants and loans - 500 mio. € to UNRWA - ca. 2.5 bn. € in bilateral aid Since 2002: Reform Support Instrument Since 2002: Reform Support Instrument 2005: 280 mio. € 2005: 280 mio. €

20. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke PA – Action Plan Perspective: „Move beyond co-operation toward integration“ (DG Relex) Perspective: „Move beyond co-operation toward integration“ (DG Relex) Time frame: 3-5 years Time frame: 3-5 years Priorities: many based on the ongoing reform processes (June 2002) Priorities: many based on the ongoing reform processes (June 2002)

21. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke EU and Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 1980: Venice Declaration 1980: Venice Declaration 1995: EMP initiated, facilitates regional dialogue. 1995: EMP initiated, facilitates regional dialogue. 1996: Miguel Moratinos is appointed the first EU Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process 1996: Miguel Moratinos is appointed the first EU Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process 1999: Berlin Declaration: the EU calls for the creation of a Palestinian State 1999: Berlin Declaration: the EU calls for the creation of a Palestinian State 2002: Seville Declaration: explicit statement on EU’s vision how to find a solution to the conflict 2002: Seville Declaration: explicit statement on EU’s vision how to find a solution to the conflict 2003: Marc Otte becomes successor of Miguel Moratinos; Roadmap is published 2003: Marc Otte becomes successor of Miguel Moratinos; Roadmap is published Financial Support: MEDA-initiative “Middle East Peace Projects”: 88 Mio Euro since 1995; 10 Mio Euro for other initiatives. Financial Support: MEDA-initiative “Middle East Peace Projects”: 88 Mio Euro since 1995; 10 Mio Euro for other initiatives.

22. 27/9/2005 Silke Lode/Juliane Menke Discussion Different approach necessary for the Mediterranean countries because the have no accession perspective (Art. 49 EC Treaty)? Different approach necessary for the Mediterranean countries because the have no accession perspective (Art. 49 EC Treaty)? How can further enlargement rounds effect the Barcelona Process? How would especially the accession of Turkey change the ENP? How can further enlargement rounds effect the Barcelona Process? How would especially the accession of Turkey change the ENP? The ENP aims at „supplementing“ the EMP – to what extent can these two policies coexist? The ENP aims at „supplementing“ the EMP – to what extent can these two policies coexist?