1. Finding Standard Error

2. Standard error The standard error is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution – we have three types of standard errors: Standard error of the mean – used with one sample Standard error of the difference between the means – used with independent samples Standard error of the mean of the differences – used with dependent or paired samples

3. One sample s m = standard error of the mean S = standard deviation n = number of participants Find the standard deviation of the sample, divide by the square root of N

4. Two Independent Samples S m1-m2 =Standard error of difference between the means Find Standard deviation of each separate sample (S1 and S2) Pool(average) standard deviations Standard error of Difference between the means

5. Paired or Dependent Samples Standard error of mean of differences First memberSecond member Differences A1A2A1-A2 B1B2B1-B2 C1C2C1-C2 D1D2D1-D2 E1E2E1-E2

6. Paired or Dependent Samples Standard error of mean of differences S md We work with the Differences S md = standard error of mean of differences S d = standard deviation of the differences n = number of pairs