1. Early Homo Homo habilis 2.5-1.8 mya contemporaneous with Australopithecus boisei and Australopithecus robustus for at least 500,000 years. Then no fossils of either australopithecine; gone by c. 1.2 mya.

2. ?

3. Homo habilis and “H. rudolfensis”

4. Olduwan stone culture: Homo habilis chert flint

5. Homo erectus: 1.8 mBP – c. 27,000 BP

7. Homo erectusHomo sapiens “Peking man”

8. A basic tool of Homo erectus Acheulian biface “hand axe” 1.5 mya - 250,000 ybp entire stone flaked Acheulian technique Tool kit

9. Homo ergaster / Homo erectus sites 1.8 mya Date too conservative 1.8 mya and 27-53,000 ybp ! 1.7 mya

10. Pleistocene Epoch 1.8 mya – 10,000 ya, then Holocene Epoch Ice Ages Alternation of warm and cold climates Glaciers grow, move south Water locked up in ice Lowering sea level Land bridges Facilitated dispersal of Homo erectus of Africa at least 1.8 mya

11. Glaciation -= land bridges

13. Relative brain size

14. Brain size / time relationship

15. Homo erectus

16. “Nariokotome boy” Kenya, Africa 1.6 mya 5’6” tall Est. 6’ had he survived to maturity Homo erectus or H. ergaster c. 8-9 years old 8-9 day growth increments Alt.: 11 years old Prominent epiphyseal plates

18. 1.5 mya: optical laser scan H. erectus trackway in Kenya (Ileret) Au. afarensis