1. SVEPM Workshop Governance of Livestock Disease

2. Introduction GoLD RELU project –Interdisciplinary –Endemic livestock (esp. cattle) disease What determines the endemicity / impact / control of endemic disease? –Epidemiology –Economics –Politics –Law

3. Plan Graham Medley: introduction –+ discussion Wyn Grant: politics –+ discussion Habtu Weldegebriel: economics –+ discussion Wyn Grant: law –+ discussion Laura Green: conclusions –+ discussion David Carslake (John McEldowney, Justin Greaves, Jonathan Cave) Coffee: 10:30 – 11:00 9:30 12:00

4. Interdisciplinarity Problem framing –What is the problem with livestock disease? Endemic disease can be seen as problem in the spheres of: –Health / welfare –Political (e.g. bTB) –Economic : reduces profitability & profit –Legal : international trade

5. “An Epidemiological Problem” Animals would be better off without disease For most (all) endemic diseases we have sufficient understanding to eliminate from a defined population Even if knowledge is lacking there is sufficient understanding to address through appropriate research If only we were in charge… –But the economics are often against us

6. “An Economic Problem” To whom? –Farmers, industry, nation Only when considered in competition –If every cow has JD, then its impact on productivity is exactly equivalent to genetic constraints –There is incentive to be the first to increase productivity and incentive to reduce the adoption by others Because infectious diseases move between farms / industries / nations none is independent

7. Costs to farmers of a bTB herd breakdown (HBD) Bennett and Cooke (2006) Vet. Rec. 158: 429 An on-farm survey of 151 cattle farmers For 90% of HBD, cost of HBD was: –< £18,513 (dairy) and < £11,462 (beef) –Range: £229 to £103,817 After compensation, a majority was left with net losses A minority of farmers made a profit from HBD Anecdotally, these are “experienced” farmers Endemic disease need not be an economic problem, rather economic considerations change the way that endemic disease is viewed and dealt with

8. “A Political Problem” If “collective” action is required to control endemic infectious disease, then it requires interactions between stakeholders / actors DEFRA has been a key actor –But has failed to control bTB partly because of inconsistent stakeholder group objectives –Has not regarded endemic disease as important unless international economic competition, international legal requirement or human health

9. “A Legal Problem” Epidemiology, economics and politics can only act through legal frameworks Legal systems in EU are changing from “command and control” to regulatory governance –This will make endemic infectious disease control even more complex –Especially as different endemic diseases are not independent –But does provide an opportunity to create a system that can control endemic disease

10. Governance of Livestock Disease We have learnt to live with endemic disease So the EEPL systems adapt to their presence and they become “more” endemic… Can we understand how each of the EEPL affects and is affected by its EEPL context How should we do this? What is the answer?